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Resistance has evolved against nearly every clinically used antibiotic, and in the near future, we may be hard-pressed to treat bacterial infections previously conquered by \u201cmagic bullet\u201d drugs. While traditional antibiotics kill or slow bacterial growth, an important emerging strategy to combat pathogens seeks to block the ability of bacteria to harm the host by inhibiting bacterial virulence factors. One such virulence factor, the type three secretion system (T3SS), is found in over two dozen Gram-negative pathogens and functions by injecting effector proteins directly into the cytosol of host cells. Without T3SSs, many pathogenic bacteria are unable to cause disease, making the T3SS an attractive target for novel antimicrobial drugs. Interdisciplinary efforts between chemists and microbiologists have yielded several T3SS inhibitors, including the relatively well-studied salicylidene acylhydrazides. This review highlights the discovery and characterization of T3SS inhibitors in the primary literature over the past 10 years and discusses the future of these drugs as both research tools and a new class of therapeutic agents.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.00975-12","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,31]],"date-time":"2012-07-31T07:47:26Z","timestamp":1343720846000},"page":"5433-5441","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":113,"title":["Chemical Inhibitors of the Type Three Secretion System: Disarming Bacterial Pathogens"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"Miles C.","family":"Duncan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roger G.","family":"Linington","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victoria","family":"Auerbuch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1160\/TH07-03-0173","article-title":"Effector functions of pathogenic Yersinia species","volume":"98","author":"Aepfelbacher M","year":"2007","unstructured":"AepfelbacherM TrasakC RuckdeschelK. 2007. 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