{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T20:31:24Z","timestamp":1767904284819,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,3,1]],"date-time":"2010-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1267401600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Agents Chemother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            In\n            <jats:italic>Neisse<\/jats:italic>\n            <jats:italic>ria gonorrhoeae<\/jats:italic>\n            , the mosaic type of\n            <jats:italic>penA<\/jats:italic>\n            , which encodes penicillin-binding protein 2 (PBP 2), is associated with reduced susceptibility to oral cephalosporins. To investigate the relatedness of\n            <jats:italic>N. gonorrhoeae<\/jats:italic>\n            clinical isolates with reduced susceptibility, we sequenced the\n            <jats:italic>penA<\/jats:italic>\n            genes of 32 isolates. Five different amino acid sequence types of PBP 2 were identified, but all seemed to be derivatives of pattern X of PBP 2 (PBP 2-X). However, multilocus sequence typing of the isolates showed that the isolates belonged to six different sequence types. As PBP 2-X was identified in three different sequence types, horizontal transfer of the\n            <jats:italic>penA<\/jats:italic>\n            allele encoding PBP2-X was suggested. We demonstrated that the\n            <jats:italic>penA<\/jats:italic>\n            gene could be transferred from an isolate with reduced susceptibility to a sensitive isolate by natural transformation. Comparison of the sequence of the\n            <jats:italic>penA<\/jats:italic>\n            -flanking regions of 12 transformants with those of the donor and the recipient suggested that at least a 4-kb DNA segment, including the\n            <jats:italic>penA<\/jats:italic>\n            gene, was transferred. During horizontal transfer, some of the\n            <jats:italic>penA<\/jats:italic>\n            alleles also acquired variations due to point mutations and genetic exchange within the allele. Our results provide evidence that the capacity for natural transformation in\n            <jats:italic>N. gonorrhoeae<\/jats:italic>\n            plays a role in the spread of chromosomal antibiotic resistance genes and the generation of diversity in such genes.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.01010-09","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,12,23]],"date-time":"2009-12-23T02:10:19Z","timestamp":1261534219000},"page":"1060-1067","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":84,"title":["Spread of a Chromosomal Cefixime-Resistant\n            <i>penA<\/i>\n            Gene among Different\n            <i>Neisseria gonorrhoeae<\/i>\n            Lineages"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"Makoto","family":"Ohnishi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bacteriology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuko","family":"Watanabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Kanagawa Prefectural Institute of Public Health, Kanagawa, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emi","family":"Ono","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Moleculo-Genetic Science, Graduate School of Health Care Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chieko","family":"Takahashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Kanagawa Prefectural Institute of Public Health, Kanagawa, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hitomi","family":"Oya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Kanagawa Prefectural Institute of Public Health, Kanagawa, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Toshiro","family":"Kuroki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Kanagawa Prefectural Institute of Public Health, Kanagawa, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ken","family":"Shimuta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bacteriology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Norio","family":"Okazaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Kanagawa Prefectural Institute of Public Health, Kanagawa, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shu-ichi","family":"Nakayama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bacteriology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haruo","family":"Watanabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bacteriology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.2002.03193.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s101560170034"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.46.12.3744-3749.2002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1741-7007-5-35"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.00566-08"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0966-842X(99)01609-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1558-5646.1985.tb00420.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1127573"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.85.18.6982"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.49.1.137-143.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","first-page":"601","year":"2007","unstructured":"Janda, W. 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