{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,10]],"date-time":"2023-09-10T00:24:09Z","timestamp":1694305449478},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,1]],"date-time":"2014-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1388534400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Agents Chemother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Candida parapsilosis<\/jats:named-content>\n            isolates occasionally display resistance\n            <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n            to echinocandins and cause breakthrough infections to echinocandins. The degree of the\n            <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n            cross-resistance among echinocandins and the fitness loss associated with caspofungin (CAS) resistance of\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">C. parapsilosis<\/jats:named-content>\n            are not well studied. We compared the activities of CAS and anidulafungin (ANF), each given at 2 dosing schedules (high dose or low dose) in a nonneutropenic mouse model of invasive candidiasis (IC) caused by ANF-susceptible isolates of\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">C. parapsilosis<\/jats:named-content>\n            with different degrees of susceptibility to CAS (CAS resistant [CAS-R], MIC, &gt;16 mg\/liter; CAS intermediate [CAS-I], MIC, 4 mg\/liter; and CAS susceptible [CAS-S], MIC, 2 mg\/liter). We analyzed tissue fungal burden, histopathology, and weight loss patterns. Increasing CAS resistance was associated with reduced virulence of\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">C. parapsilosis<\/jats:named-content>\n            isolates (mortality rates for CAS-S versus CAS-I versus CAS-R, 100% versus 11.1% versus 0%, respectively;\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            &lt; 0.001). High doses of either echinocandin were active against infection with the CAS-I isolate when assessed by fungal burden reduction and weight gain. In contrast to CAS-S and CAS-I isolates, there was no reduction in fungal burden in mice infected with the CAS-R isolate following treatment with either echinocandin, each given at a high or low dose. Nevertheless, mice infected with the CAS-R isolate had reduced disease severity following echinocandin treatment, suggesting that echinocandins have activity\n            <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n            , even against echinocandin-resistant strains. A complex interplay of residual echinocandin activity, decreased virulence, and\/or fitness of isolates with altered cell wall and possible immunomodulatory effects can be encountered\n            <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n            during infection with CAS-resistant\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">C. parapsilosis<\/jats:named-content>\n            isolates.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.01025-13","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,22]],"date-time":"2013-10-22T02:41:14Z","timestamp":1382409674000},"page":"229-236","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Anidulafungin versus Caspofungin in a Mouse Model of Candidiasis Caused by Anidulafungin-Susceptible Candida parapsilosis Isolates with Different Degrees of Caspofungin Susceptibility"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"Dimitra","family":"Dimopoulou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Georgios","family":"Hamilos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Tzardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, The University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Russell E.","family":"Lewis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Infection Control and Employee Health, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"George","family":"Samonis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dimitrios P.","family":"Kontoyiannis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Infection Control and Employee Health, The University of Texas M. D. 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