{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T14:56:20Z","timestamp":1790866580944,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":83,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32401067"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32401067"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32500419"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32500419"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U24A20812"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U24A20812"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Special Fund for the Scholar Program of Yantai"},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Yantai","award":["ZR2025Q013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZR2025Q013"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007129","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ZR2025QC242"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZR2025QC242"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007129","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Agents Chemother"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title\/>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The rapid emergence of multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria necessitates the development of effective antimicrobial agents to combat antimicrobial resistance. Here, we identified and characterized OT-CATH, a conserved cathelicidin-family antimicrobial peptide derived from\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Otariidae<\/jats:italic>\n                      species. OT-CATH exhibited potent bactericidal activity against gram-negative bacteria, particularly extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamase-producing\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                      , with rapid killing kinetics, potent antibiofilm activity, and no detectable resistance after 40 serial passages. Mechanistically, OT-CATH bound lipopolysaccharide, disrupted both the outer and inner bacterial membranes, and translocated into the cytoplasm to interact with bacterial DNA. Membrane disruption further triggered intracellular reactive oxygen species accumulation, proton motive force dissipation, ATP depletion, and metabolic collapse, collectively leading to bacterial death. OT-CATH also demonstrated favorable stability, low cytotoxicity, and favorable pharmacokinetic properties with measurable pulmonary distribution. In a murine pneumonia model, OT-CATH significantly improved survival, reduced bacterial burdens in the lungs and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and alleviated lung injury. These findings identify OT-CATH as a promising membrane-targeting antimicrobial peptide for the treatment of multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacterial infections.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.01026-26","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T14:11:53Z","timestamp":1790863913000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["OT-CATH, a conserved antimicrobial peptide in\n                    <i>Otariidae<\/i>\n                    species, exhibits potent activity against gram-negative bacteria"],"prefix":"10.1128","author":[{"given":"Yixiao","family":"Song","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01pab2602","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences","place":["Yantai, China"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05qbk4x57","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yufeng","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01pab2602","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences","place":["Yantai, China"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05qbk4x57","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01pab2602","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences","place":["Yantai, China"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0523y5c19","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Research Institute of Marine Traditional Chinese Medicine (Qingdao Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences), Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","place":["Qingdao, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zifan","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01pab2602","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences","place":["Yantai, China"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05kvm7n82","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University","place":["Suzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chenchen","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01pab2602","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences","place":["Yantai, China"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05qbk4x57","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiangjin","family":"Kong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01pab2602","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences","place":["Yantai, China"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05qbk4x57","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xudong","family":"Jiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01pab2602","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences","place":["Yantai, China"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05qbk4x57","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingjing","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01pab2602","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences","place":["Yantai, China"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05qbk4x57","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1385-4470","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yipeng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01pab2602","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences","place":["Yantai, China"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05qbk4x57","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-025-01169-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-024-01054-w"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.170110"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(15)00424-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.15.2.167-193.2002"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro.2017.99"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-micro-020518-115650"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drup.2025.101322"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens4030422"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00116-14"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00181-19"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aau5480"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41573-019-0058-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(20)30327-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26168103"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cis.2024.103282"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0144741"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines6030063"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1747.2003.12132.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jare.2026.03.042"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2024.1405760"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drup.2025.101289"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40779-021-00343-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.57.10.3142-3146.1989"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.67.8.4106-4111.1999"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/md12052485"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.4c17821"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biom12091252"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)02081-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2025.108517"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/44.1.27"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201914304"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/med.21879"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2019.06.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.1c02324"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/21505594.2017.1313372"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tig.2020.10.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1609893113"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1904700116"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jare.2023.04.017"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkl667"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1108217108"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.45951"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biom13101453"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.02021-19"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/med.21946"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.9b04654"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2024.05.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/md21120639"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.117675"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7589\/JWD-D-21-00183"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2016.09.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00039-09"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-06488-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.01.021"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro.2017.26"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/microbiolspec.GPP3-0044-2018"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-025-01200-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00213-21"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/msphere.00211-24"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12602-019-09533-w"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-024-01866-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-023-01369-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dks276"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-65449-w"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2025.1673333"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2020.00450"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587-022-01226-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csbj.2024.05.020"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_71_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-51730-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_72_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2022.819921"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_73_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21769\/BioProtoc.3548"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_74_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.26.11.821"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_75_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12602-021-09801-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_76_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2020.113138"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_77_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2013.10.015"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_78_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.01319-25"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_79_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2022.112873"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_80_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.06327-11"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_81_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.201902227"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_82_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00064-12"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_83_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-022-03899-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_84_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-53764-7"}],"container-title":["Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/aac.01026-26","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/aac.01026-26","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T14:11:54Z","timestamp":1790863914000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/aac.01026-26"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Boudewijn L.","family":"de Jonge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]]},"references-count":83,"alternative-id":["10.1128\/aac.01026-26"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/aac.01026-26","relation":{},"ISSN":["0066-4804","1098-6596"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0066-4804","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-6596","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-08-03","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-05","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-10-01","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e01026-26"}}