{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T09:11:31Z","timestamp":1791277891507,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,1]],"date-time":"2015-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1448928000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Agents Chemother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Ethionamide (ETH) is an antibiotic used for the treatment of multidrug-resistant (MDR) tuberculosis (TB) (MDR-TB), and its use may be limited with the emergence of resistance in the\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/jats:named-content>\n            population. ETH resistance in\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">M. tuberculosis<\/jats:named-content>\n            is phenomenon independent or cross related when accompanied with isoniazid (INH) resistance. In most cases, resistance to INH and ETH is explained by mutations in the\n            <jats:italic>inhA<\/jats:italic>\n            promoter and in the following genes:\n            <jats:italic>katG<\/jats:italic>\n            ,\n            <jats:italic>ethA<\/jats:italic>\n            ,\n            <jats:italic>ethR<\/jats:italic>\n            ,\n            <jats:italic>mshA<\/jats:italic>\n            ,\n            <jats:italic>ndh<\/jats:italic>\n            , and\n            <jats:italic>inhA<\/jats:italic>\n            . We sequenced the above genes in 64\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">M. tuberculosis<\/jats:named-content>\n            isolates (\n            <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n            = 57 ETH-resistant MDR-TB isolates;\n            <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n            = 3 ETH-susceptible MDR-TB isolates; and\n            <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n            = 4 fully susceptible isolates). Each isolate was tested for susceptibility to first- and second-line drugs using the agar proportion method. Mutations were observed in ETH-resistant MDR-TB isolates at the following rates: 100% in\n            <jats:italic>katG<\/jats:italic>\n            , 72% in\n            <jats:italic>ethA<\/jats:italic>\n            , 45.6% in\n            <jats:italic>mshA<\/jats:italic>\n            , 8.7% in\n            <jats:italic>ndh<\/jats:italic>\n            , and 33.3% in\n            <jats:italic>inhA<\/jats:italic>\n            or its promoter. Of the three ETH-susceptible MDR-TB isolates, all showed mutations in\n            <jats:italic>katG<\/jats:italic>\n            ; one had a mutation in\n            <jats:italic>ethA<\/jats:italic>\n            , and another, in\n            <jats:italic>mshA<\/jats:italic>\n            and\n            <jats:italic>inhA<\/jats:italic>\n            . Finally, of the four fully susceptible isolates, two showed no detectable mutation in the studied genes, and two had mutations in\n            <jats:italic>mshA<\/jats:italic>\n            gene unrelated to the resistance. Mutations not previously reported were found in the\n            <jats:italic>ethA<\/jats:italic>\n            ,\n            <jats:italic>mshA<\/jats:italic>\n            ,\n            <jats:italic>katG<\/jats:italic>\n            , and\n            <jats:italic>ndh<\/jats:italic>\n            genes. The concordance between the phenotypic susceptibility testing to INH and ETH and the sequencing was 1 and 0.45, respectively. Among isolates exhibiting INH resistance, the high frequency of independent resistance and cross-resistance with ETH in the\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">M. tuberculosis<\/jats:named-content>\n            isolates suggests the need to confirm the susceptibility to ETH before considering it in the treatment of patients with MDR-TB.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.01028-15","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,15]],"date-time":"2015-09-15T01:51:14Z","timestamp":1442281874000},"page":"7805-7810","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":63,"title":["Genotypic Analysis of Genes Associated with Independent Resistance and Cross-Resistance to Isoniazid and Ethionamide in Mycobacterium tuberculosis Clinical Isolates"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"Johana","family":"Rueda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Escuela de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana (UPB), Medell\u00edn, Colombia"},{"name":"Unidad de Bacteriolog\u00eda y Micobacterias, Corporaci\u00f3n para Investigaciones Biol\u00f3gicas (CIB), Medell\u00edn, Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teresa","family":"Realpe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Escuela de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana (UPB), Medell\u00edn, Colombia"},{"name":"Unidad de Bacteriolog\u00eda y Micobacterias, Corporaci\u00f3n para Investigaciones Biol\u00f3gicas (CIB), Medell\u00edn, Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gloria Isabel","family":"Mejia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad de Bacteriolog\u00eda y Micobacterias, Corporaci\u00f3n para Investigaciones Biol\u00f3gicas (CIB), Medell\u00edn, Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elsa","family":"Zapata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad de Bacteriolog\u00eda y Micobacterias, Corporaci\u00f3n para Investigaciones Biol\u00f3gicas (CIB), Medell\u00edn, Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan Carlos","family":"Rozo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Internacional de Entrenamiento e Investigaciones M\u00e9dicas (CIDEIM), Cali, Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beatriz Eugenia","family":"Ferro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Internacional de Entrenamiento e Investigaciones M\u00e9dicas (CIDEIM), Cali, Colombia"},{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaime","family":"Robledo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Escuela de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana (UPB), Medell\u00edn, Colombia"},{"name":"Unidad de Bacteriolog\u00eda y Micobacterias, Corporaci\u00f3n para Investigaciones Biol\u00f3gicas (CIB), Medell\u00edn, Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","volume-title":"Report number WHO\/HTM\/TB\/2014.08","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2014","unstructured":"World Health Organization. 2014. 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