{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T07:42:20Z","timestamp":1791618140846,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,2,1]],"date-time":"2010-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1264982400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Agents Chemother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Ciprofloxacin was introduced for treatment of patients with cholera in Bangladesh because of resistance to other agents, but its utility has been compromised by the decreasing ciprofloxacin susceptibility of\n            <jats:italic>Vibrio cholerae<\/jats:italic>\n            over time. We correlated levels of susceptibility and temporal patterns with the occurrence of mutation in\n            <jats:italic>gyrA<\/jats:italic>\n            , which encodes a subunit of DNA gyrase, followed by mutation in\n            <jats:italic>parC<\/jats:italic>\n            , which encodes a subunit of DNA topoisomerase IV. We found that ciprofloxacin activity was more recently further compromised in strains containing\n            <jats:italic>qnrVC3<\/jats:italic>\n            , which encodes a pentapeptide repeat protein of the Qnr subfamily, members of which protect topoisomerases from quinolone action. We show that\n            <jats:italic>qnrVC3<\/jats:italic>\n            confers transferable low-level quinolone resistance and is present within a member of the SXT integrating conjugative element family found commonly on the chromosomes of multidrug-resistant strains of\n            <jats:italic>V. cholerae<\/jats:italic>\n            and on the chromosomes of\n            <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n            transconjugants constructed in the laboratory. Thus, progressive increases in quinolone resistance in\n            <jats:italic>V. cholerae<\/jats:italic>\n            are linked to cumulative mutations in quinolone targets and most recently to a\n            <jats:italic>qnr<\/jats:italic>\n            gene on a mobile multidrug resistance element, resulting in further challenges for the antimicrobial therapy of cholera.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.01045-09","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,12,1]],"date-time":"2009-12-01T03:33:29Z","timestamp":1259638409000},"page":"799-803","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":90,"title":["Transferable Quinolone Resistance in\n            <i>Vibrio cholerae<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"Hong Bin","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minghua","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts"},{"name":"Institute of Antibiotics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sabeena","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chi Hye","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Regina C.","family":"LaRocque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abu S. G.","family":"Faruque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammed A.","family":"Salam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wasif A.","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Firdausi","family":"Qadri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen B.","family":"Calderwood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George A.","family":"Jacoby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lahey Clinic, Burlington, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David C.","family":"Hooper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.46.8.2676-2678.2002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.176.17.5450-5458.1994"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.187.5.1740-1750.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plasmid.2006.01.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00070-07"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","unstructured":"Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing 2008"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01509-07"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/500953"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1407.080132"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.45.11.2991-3000.2001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","first-page":"41","year":"2003","unstructured":"Hooper, D. 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