{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T02:13:01Z","timestamp":1790388781967,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,1]],"date-time":"2013-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1385856000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Agents Chemother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,12]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n We report the complete nucleotide sequence and analysis of pETB\n TY825<\/jats:sub>\n , a\n Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:named-content>\n TY825 plasmid encoding exfoliative toxin B (ETB).\n S. aureus<\/jats:named-content>\n TY825 is a clinical isolate obtained from an impetigo patient in 2002. The size of pETB\n TY825<\/jats:sub>\n , 60.6 kbp, was unexpectedly larger than that of the archetype pETB\n TY4<\/jats:sub>\n (\u223c30 kbp). Genomic comparison of the plasmids shows that pETB\n TY825<\/jats:sub>\n has the archetype pETB\n TY4<\/jats:sub>\n as the backbone and has a single large extra DNA region of 22.4 kbp. The extra DNA region contains genes for resistance to aminoglycoside [\n aac<\/jats:italic>\n (\n 6\u2032<\/jats:italic>\n )\/\n aph<\/jats:italic>\n (\n 2\u2033<\/jats:italic>\n )], macrolide (\n msrA<\/jats:italic>\n ), and penicillin (\n blaZ<\/jats:italic>\n ). A plasmid deletion experiment indicated that these three resistance elements were functionally active. We retrospectively examined the resistance profile of the clinical ETB-producing\n S. aureus<\/jats:named-content>\n strains isolated in 1977 to 2007 using a MIC determination with gentamicin (GM), arbekacin (ABK), and erythromycin (EM) and by PCR analyses for\n aac<\/jats:italic>\n (\n 6<\/jats:italic>\n \u2032)\/\n aph<\/jats:italic>\n (\n 2\u2033<\/jats:italic>\n ) and\n msrA<\/jats:italic>\n using purified plasmid preparations. The ETB-producing\n S. aureus<\/jats:named-content>\n strains began to display high resistance to GM, which was parallel with the detection of\n aac<\/jats:italic>\n (\n 6\u2032<\/jats:italic>\n )\/\n aph<\/jats:italic>\n (\n 2\u2033<\/jats:italic>\n ) and\n mecA<\/jats:italic>\n , after 1990. Conversely, there was no significant change in the ABK MIC during the testing period, although it had a tendency to slightly increase. After 2001, isolates resistant to EM significantly increased; however,\n msrA<\/jats:italic>\n was hardly detected in ETB-producing\n S. aureus<\/jats:named-content>\n strains, and only five isolates were positive for both\n aac<\/jats:italic>\n (\n 6\u2032<\/jats:italic>\n )\/\n aph<\/jats:italic>\n (\n 2\u2033<\/jats:italic>\n ) and\n msrA<\/jats:italic>\n . In this study, we report the emergence of a fusion plasmid carrying the toxin gene\n etb<\/jats:italic>\n and drug resistance genes. Prevalence of the pETB\n TY825<\/jats:sub>\n carrier may further increase the clinical threat, since ETB-producing\n S. aureus<\/jats:named-content>\n is closely related to more severe impetigo or staphylococcal scalded-skin syndrome (SSSS), which requires a general antimicrobial treatment.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.01062-13","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,1]],"date-time":"2013-10-01T05:19:19Z","timestamp":1380604759000},"page":"6131-6140","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Emergence of Staphylococcus aureus Carrying Multiple Drug Resistance Genes on a Plasmid Encoding Exfoliative Toxin B"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"Junzo","family":"Hisatsune","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bacteriology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima City, Hiroshima, Japan"},{"name":"Project Research Center for Nosocomial Infectious Diseases, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hideki","family":"Hirakawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Genome Research, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Kisarazu, Chiba, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takayuki","family":"Yamaguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bacteriology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima City, Hiroshima, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasuyuki","family":"Fudaba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bacteriology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima City, Hiroshima, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenshiro","family":"Oshima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computational Biology, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masahira","family":"Hattori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computational Biology, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fuminori","family":"Kato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bacteriology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima City, Hiroshima, Japan"},{"name":"Project Research Center for Nosocomial Infectious Diseases, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shizuo","family":"Kayama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bacteriology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima City, Hiroshima, Japan"},{"name":"Project Research Center for Nosocomial Infectious Diseases, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Motoyuki","family":"Sugai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bacteriology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima City, Hiroshima, Japan"},{"name":"Project Research Center for Nosocomial Infectious Diseases, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.12.2.224"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(99)90120-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(71)80425-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00222615-9-2-191"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.8.2.156-164.1973"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.70.10.5835-5845.2002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1977.01640020079014"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/81385"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Staphylococcal enterotoxins, toxic shock syndrome toxin and streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxins: a comparative study of their molecular biology","volume":"55","author":"Betley MJ","year":"1992","unstructured":"BetleyMJ BorstDW RegassaLB. 1992. 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