{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T16:47:57Z","timestamp":1792082877167,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,1]],"date-time":"2012-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1354320000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Agents Chemother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Escherichia coli<\/jats:named-content>\n            sequence type 131 (O25b:H4), associated with the CTX-M-15 extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) and linked predominantly to the community-onset antimicrobial-resistant infections, has globally emerged as a public health concern. However, scant attention is given to the understanding of the molecular epidemiology of these strains in high-burden countries such as India. Of the 100 clinical\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">E. coli<\/jats:named-content>\n            isolates obtained by us from a setting where urinary tract infections are endemic, 16 ST131\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">E. coli<\/jats:named-content>\n            isolates were identified by multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Further, genotyping and phenotyping methods were employed to characterize their virulence and drug resistance patterns. All the 16 ST131 isolates harbored the CTX-M-15 gene, and half of them also carried TEM-1; 11 of these were positive for\n            <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n            <jats:sub>OXA<\/jats:sub>\n            groups 1 and 12 for\n            <jats:italic>aac(6<\/jats:italic>\n            \u2032\n            <jats:italic>)-Ib-cr<\/jats:italic>\n            . At least 12 isolates were refractory to four non-beta-lactam antibiotics: ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, and tetracycline. Nine isolates carried the class 1 integron. Plasmid analysis indicated a large pool of up to six plasmids per strain with a mean of approximately three plasmids. Conjugation and PCR-based replicon typing (PBRT) revealed that the spread of resistance was associated with the FIA incompatibility group of plasmids. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and genotyping of the virulence genes showed a low level of diversity among these strains. The association of ESBL-encoding plasmid with virulence was demonstrated in transconjugants by serum assay. None of the 16 ST131 ESBL-producing\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">E. coli<\/jats:named-content>\n            strains were known to synthesize carbapenemase enzymes. In conclusion, our study reports a snapshot of the highly virulent\/multiresistant clone ST131 of uropathogenic\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">E. coli<\/jats:named-content>\n            from India. This study suggests that the ST131 genotypes from this region are clonally evolved and are strongly associated with the CTX-M-15 enzyme, carry a high antibiotic resistance background, and have emerged as an important cause of community-acquired urinary tract infections.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.01099-12","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,9]],"date-time":"2012-10-09T05:30:03Z","timestamp":1349760603000},"page":"6358-6365","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":82,"title":["Multiresistant Uropathogenic Escherichia coli from a Region in India Where Urinary Tract Infections Are Endemic: Genotypic and Phenotypic Characteristics of Sequence Type 131 Isolates of the CTX-M-15 Extended-Spectrum-\u03b2-Lactamase-Producing Lineage"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"Arif","family":"Hussain","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathogen Biology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christa","family":"Ewers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute for Microbiology and Epizootics, Freie Universitaet Berlin, Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute for Hygiene and Infectious Diseases of Animals, Justus-Liebig-Universitaet Giessen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nishant","family":"Nandanwar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute for Microbiology and Epizootics, Freie Universitaet Berlin, Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sebastian","family":"Guenther","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute for Microbiology and Epizootics, Freie Universitaet Berlin, Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Savita","family":"Jadhav","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Dr. D. 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