{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T18:37:25Z","timestamp":1791052645094,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,1]],"date-time":"2009-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1235865600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Agents Chemother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Penicillin-binding protein 2x (PBP2x) of\n            <jats:italic>Streptococcus pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n            represents a primary resistance determinant for beta-lactams, and low-affinity PBP2x variants can easily be selected with cefotaxime. Penicillin-resistant clinical isolates of\n            <jats:italic>S. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n            frequently contain in their mosaic PBP2x the mutation T338A adjacent to the active site S337, and T338P as well as T338G substitutions are also known. Site-directed mutagenesis has now documented that a single point mutation at position T338 confers selectable levels of beta-lactam resistance preferentially to oxacillin. Despite the moderate impact on beta-lactam susceptibility, the function of the PBP2x mutants appears to be impaired, as can be documented in the absence of a functional CiaRH regulatory system, resulting in growth defects and morphological changes. The combination of low-affinity PBP2x and PBP1a encoded by mosaic genes is known to result in high cefotaxime resistance. In contrast, introduction of a mosaic\n            <jats:italic>pbp1a<\/jats:italic>\n            into the PBP2x\n            <jats:sub>T338G<\/jats:sub>\n            mutant did not lead to increased resistance. However, the mosaic PBP1a gene apparently complemented the PBP2x\n            <jats:sub>T338G<\/jats:sub>\n            defect, since Cia mutant derivatives grew normally. The data support the view that PBP2x and PBP1a interact with each other on some level and that alterations of both PBPs in resistant clinical isolates have evolved to ensure cooperation between both proteins.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.01107-08","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,16]],"date-time":"2008-12-16T02:12:18Z","timestamp":1229393538000},"page":"1107-1115","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["An Important Site in PBP2x of Penicillin-Resistant Clinical Isolates of\n            <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae<\/i>\n            : Mutational Analysis of Thr338"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"Ilka","family":"Zerfa\u00df","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, University of Kaiserslautern, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Regine","family":"Hakenbeck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, University of Kaiserslautern, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dalia","family":"Denapaite","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, University of Kaiserslautern, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.1997.4641833.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.1996.tb02556.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.43.5.1252"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.79.2.137"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","unstructured":"Epidemiologie eines Mosaikgens: pbp2x in \u03b2-Lactam-sensitiven und -resistanten oralen Streptokokken aus Spanien. 2003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2006.05280.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2005.01334.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","first-page":"173","year":"1983","unstructured":"Briese, T., and R. 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