{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T17:08:39Z","timestamp":1785431319839,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]],"date-time":"2026-03-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772582400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]],"date-time":"2026-03-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772582400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Discipline Cultivation Funding, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University","award":["ZNXKPY2021027"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZNXKPY2021027"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Agents Chemother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title\/>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      HIV-1 treatment has advanced with various antiretroviral regimens. Although efavirenz (EFV)-based regimens have been widely used, current guidelines recommend integrase strand transfer inhibitor (INSTI)-based therapy as first-line. However, INSTI may cause weight gain and adverse lipid changes, creating new unmet metabolic needs. Novel agents like ainuovirine (ANV), a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI), may offer effective virological suppression (VS) with improved tolerability, but their long-term real-world safety and effectiveness remain unclear. This was a multicenter, retrospective observational cohort study. Virologically suppressed adults on a tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF)\/3TC+EFV regimen were either switched to TDF\/3TC+ANV (ANV group) based on the physician\u2019s discretion or continued on TDF\/3TC+EFV (EFV group). Baseline demographic and clinical data were collected, and participants were followed for 48 weeks. The primary effectiveness outcome was the proportion of patients achieving HIV-1 RNA levels below the limit of quantification (LOQ) at week 48. Secondary outcomes included absolute or percentage changes from baseline in CD4+ T-cell count, CD4+\/CD8+ ratio. Key secondary safety outcomes included absolute changes from baseline in body weight, BMI, fasting lipid profiles (total cholesterol [TC], triglycerides [TG], high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-C], low-density lipoprotein cholesterol [LDL-C]), and parameters of liver and renal function. A total of 350 participants who completed the 48-week follow-up were included, comprising 170 patients in the ANV group and 180 patients who remained on EFV. At week 48, the proportion of VS was 96.5% in the ANV group and 96.1% in the EFV group (difference: 1.00 percentage points; 95% CI: \u20132.77 to 2.77), confirming non-inferiority. No significant differences in CD4+ T-cell recovery or CD4+\/CD8+ ratios were observed. The ANV group experienced significantly less weight gain than the EFV group (estimated treatment difference [ETD]: \u20130.79 kg;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001). A corresponding trend in BMI change was observed but did not reach statistical significance. ANV also led to more favorable lipid changes, including a significant reduction in total cholesterol (ETD: \u20130.52 mmol\/L;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001) and triglycerides (ETD: \u20130.83 mmol\/L;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001) compared to EFV. Liver and renal function profiles remained stable in both groups. Switching from EFV- to an ANV-based regimen effectively maintained VS and led to improved metabolic parameters, including less weight gain and a more favorable lipid profile. As an alternative switch strategy, the ANV-based regimen may be a more beneficial option for people living with HIV (PLWH) who are at high risk of weight-related or dyslipidemia-associated comorbidities.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.01108-25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T14:00:21Z","timestamp":1770127221000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effectiveness and safety of ainuovirine plus lamivudine and tenofovir DF in virologically suppressed people living with HIV-1: the 48-week results of a multicenter, real-world study"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"70","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0681-5123","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Shi","family":"Zou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01v5mqw79","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University","place":["Wuhan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiuhong","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0207yh398","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Dermatology, Shandong Public Health Clinical Center, Shandong University","place":["Shandong, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qian","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0197nmp73","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Qingshan District Center for Disease Control and 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