{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T01:08:11Z","timestamp":1781658491579,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,2,1]],"date-time":"2010-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1264982400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Agents Chemother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,2]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n We investigated the effects of glycerol monolaurate (GML) on\n Lactobacillus<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n Candida<\/jats:italic>\n , and\n Gardnerella vaginalis<\/jats:italic>\n human vaginal microflora. Our previous work demonstrated that 6 months of GML treatment vaginally does not alter lactobacillus counts in monkeys.\n Candida<\/jats:italic>\n and\n G. vaginalis<\/jats:italic>\n are commonly associated with vaginal infections in women, many becoming chronic or recurrent.\n In vitro<\/jats:italic>\n growth inhibition studies determined the effects of GML (0 to 500 \u03bcg\/ml) against multiple\n Candida<\/jats:italic>\n species and\n G. vaginalis<\/jats:italic>\n . A randomized, double-blind study investigated the effects of GML on vaginal microflora\n Lactobacillus<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n Candida<\/jats:italic>\n , and\n G. vaginalis<\/jats:italic>\n in colonized or infected women (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n = 36). Women self-administered intravaginal gels containing 0% (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n = 14), 0.5% (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n = 13), or 5% (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n = 9) GML every 12 h for 2 days. Vaginal swabs were collected before and immediately after the first gel administration and 12 h after the final gel administration. Swabs were tested for\n Lactobacillus<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n Candida<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n G. vaginalis<\/jats:italic>\n , and GML.\n In vitro<\/jats:italic>\n GML concentrations of 500 \u03bcg\/ml were candicidal for all species tested, while a concentration of 10 \u03bcg\/ml was bactericidal for\n G. vaginalis<\/jats:italic>\n . Control and GML gels applied vaginally in women did not alter vaginal pH or\n Lactobacillus<\/jats:italic>\n counts. Control gels reduced\n G. vaginalis<\/jats:italic>\n counts but not\n Candida<\/jats:italic>\n counts, whereas GML gels reduced both\n Candida<\/jats:italic>\n and\n G. vaginalis<\/jats:italic>\n . No adverse events were reported by participating women. GML is antimicrobial for\n Candida<\/jats:italic>\n and\n G. vaginalis in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n . Vaginal GML gels in women do not affect\n Lactobacillus<\/jats:italic>\n negatively but significantly reduce\n Candida<\/jats:italic>\n and\n G. vaginalis<\/jats:italic>\n .\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.01151-09","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,12,15]],"date-time":"2009-12-15T03:19:21Z","timestamp":1260847161000},"page":"597-601","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":59,"title":["Glycerol Monolaurate Inhibits\n Candida<\/i>\n and\n Gardnerella vaginalis In Vitro<\/i>\n and\n In Vivo<\/i>\n but Not\n Lactobacillus<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"Kristi L.","family":"Strandberg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marnie L.","family":"Peterson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying-Chi","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melinda C.","family":"Pack","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Johnson & Johnson Consumer and Personal Products Worldwide, Skillman, New Jersey 08558"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David J.","family":"Chase","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Johnson & Johnson Consumer and Personal Products Worldwide, Skillman, New Jersey 08558"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick M.","family":"Schlievert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.OLQ.0000130454.83883.E9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(83)91112-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.5.3.213"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","first-page":"1","volume":"55","year":"2006","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2006. 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