{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T15:26:35Z","timestamp":1787239595635,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]],"date-time":"2026-03-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772582400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]],"date-time":"2026-03-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772582400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Agents Chemother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title\/>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Pan-drug-resistant\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Acinetobacter baumannii<\/jats:italic>\n                      (PDR-AB) causes severe infections and constitutes a threat in several geographic regions. Little is known about the differential effectiveness of last-resort regimens, frequently used in this setting. We compared the effectiveness of two literature-proposed regimens against PDR-AB infections consisting of colistin, ampicillin-sulbactam, and either meropenem (regimen A) or tigecycline (regimen B). This is a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data from 12 centers on adult patients with hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) or bloodstream infection (BSI), who had received definitive treatment with either regimen A or regimen B. The primary outcome was clinical failure, defined as any of the following occurring by day 14 from infection onset: death, initiation of salvage treatment, treatment withdrawal due to toxicity, persistent bacteremia for BSI patients and failure to improve oxygenation for HAP patients before and after propensity matching. Eighty-three patients were included in the primary analysis; 60 had received regimen A and 23 regimen B. Regimen B was significantly associated with clinical failure before and after propensity matching (odds ratios [OR]: 3.11; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.10\u20138.84 vs OR: 3.83; 95% CI: 1.26\u201311.63), respectively. Salvage therapy and treatment discontinuation due to toxicity were more frequent in patients treated with regimen B. In multivariable analysis, regimen B was independently associated with 28-day mortality before (hazard ratio [HR]: 2.53; 95% CI: 1.08\u20135.94) but not after propensity matching (HR: 2.64; 95% CI: [0.99\u20137.02]). Treatment with colistin, ampicillin-sulbactam, and meropenem against severe PDR-AB infections was associated with favorable outcomes compared to colistin, ampicillin-sulbactam, and tigecycline.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.01154-25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T14:00:10Z","timestamp":1768485610000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Comparative effectiveness of two antimicrobial regimens for the treatment of pan-drug-resistant\n                    <i>Acinetobacter baumannii<\/i>\n                    infections: results from the DESPAIR study"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"70","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3533-9608","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Konstantinos","family":"Pontikis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04gnjpq42","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Chest Diseases Hospital \u2018I Sotiria\u2019, Intensive Care Unit 1st Department of Pulmonology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens","place":["Athens, Greece"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ilias","family":"Karaiskos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03qv5tx95","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"1st Department of Internal Medicine - Infectious Diseases, Hygeia General Hospital","place":["Athens, Greece"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3199-9158","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Aikaterini","family":"Sakagianni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intensive Care Unit, Sismanogleio General Hospital of Attica","place":["Athens, Greece"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0079-2012","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Eleni","family":"Mouloudi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intensive Care Unit, Hippokration General Hospital of Thessaloniki","place":["Thessaloniki, Greece"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Evdoxia","family":"Tsigou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intensive Care Unit, General and Oncologic Hospital of Kifisia \u2018Oi Agioi Anargyroi\u2019","place":["Athens, Greece"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5644-8208","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Aikaterini","family":"Gkoufa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04gnjpq42","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"1st Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Laiko General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens","place":["Athens, Greece"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sofia","family":"Michelidou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intensive Care Unit, Sismanogleio General Hospital of Attica","place":["Athens, Greece"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-8657-2032","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kristina","family":"Mouratidou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intensive Care Unit, Hippokration General Hospital of Thessaloniki","place":["Thessaloniki, Greece"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandra","family":"Gavala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intensive Care Unit, General and Oncologic Hospital of Kifisia \u2018Oi Agioi Anargyroi\u2019","place":["Athens, Greece"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5871-1361","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Christina","family":"Routsi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04gnjpq42","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Evangelismos General Hospital 1st Department of Intensive Care Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens","place":["Athens, Greece"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2643-3184","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Stamatis","family":"Karakonstantis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0312m2266","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Internal Medicine Department, University Hospital of Heraklion","place":["Heraklion, Greece"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stavroula","family":"Michalea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intensive Care Unit, Korgialenio-Mpenakio General Hospital","place":["Athens, Greece"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1235-0182","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sevasti","family":"Ampelioti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04gnjpq42","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Chest Diseases Hospital \u2018I Sotiria\u2019, Intensive Care Unit 1st Department of Pulmonology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens","place":["Athens, Greece"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Theodora","family":"Katsarou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intensive Care Unit, Chest Diseases Hospital \u2018I Sotiria\u2019","place":["Athens, Greece"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Athanasios","family":"Papathanasiou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital of Ioannina","place":["Ioannina, Greece"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Pirounaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04gnjpq42","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"2nd Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Hippokration General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens","place":["Athens, Greece"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charalambos","family":"Anastogiannis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intensive Care Unit, Aghios Andreas Hospital","place":["Patras, Greece"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1536-3205","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Antonia","family":"Koutsoukou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04gnjpq42","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Chest Diseases Hospital \u2018I Sotiria\u2019, Intensive Care Unit 1st Department of Pulmonology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens","place":["Athens, Greece"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7387-5065","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Helen","family":"Giamarellou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03qv5tx95","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"1st Department of Internal Medicine - Infectious Diseases, Hygeia General Hospital","place":["Athens, Greece"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5365-4874","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"George L.","family":"Daikos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Mitera General Hospital","place":["Athens, Greece"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"on behalf of the DESPAIR Study Group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","unstructured":"World Health Organization. 2024. WHO bacterial priority pathogens list 2024: Bacterial pathogens of public health importance to guide research development and strategies to prevent and control antimicrobial resistance. Geneva Switzerland World Health Organization Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2021.11.025"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2019.00151"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciae403"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200405-644ST"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkx322"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dks084"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apm.13508"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/life11100996"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2011.03570.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(18)30099-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/evidoa2200131"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/civ048"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_2","first-page":"11","article-title":"Triple combination therapy with high-dose ampicillin\/sulbactam, high-dose tigecycline and colistin in the treatment of ventilator-associated pneumonia caused by pan-drug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii: a case series study","volume":"27","author":"Assimakopoulos SF","year":"2019","unstructured":"Assimakopoulos SF, Karamouzos V, Lefkaditi A, Sklavou C, Kolonitsiou F, Christofidou M, Fligou F, Gogos C, Marangos M. 2019. Triple combination therapy with high-dose ampicillin\/sulbactam, high-dose tigecycline and colistin in the treatment of ventilator-associated pneumonia caused by pan-drug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii: a case series study. Infez Med 27:11\u201316.","journal-title":"Infez Med"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_2","unstructured":"European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. 2016. Point prevalence survey of healthcare- associated infections and antimicrobial use in European acute care hospitals \u2013 protocol version 5.3. Stockholm Sweden European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2024.06.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkx002"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jm900999h"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.04808-14"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2004.00987.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.01627-24"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics10111344"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cis270"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000000933"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-14-102"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/ijccm.IJCCM_302_17"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2020.08.021"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkad042"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_30_2","unstructured":"Synapse. 2025. In which countries is cefiderocol approved? Available from: https:\/\/synapse.patsnap.com\/article\/in-which-countries-is-cefiderocol-approved. Retrieved 15 May 2025."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics13111077"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QCO.0000000000001059"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(20)30796-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(23)00184-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-025-02527-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/10600280221085551"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_37_2","volume-title":"I Orthologiki Epilogi Antimikrobiakis Therapias gia ton Nosilevomeno Astheni [Rational choice of antimicrobials for the inpatient] [Book in Greek]","author":"Hellenic Society of Chemotherapy (HSCH)","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hellenic Society of Chemotherapy (HSCH). 2022. I Orthologiki Epilogi Antimikrobiakis Therapias gia ton Nosilevomeno Astheni [Rational choice of antimicrobials for the inpatient] [Book in Greek]. Hellenic Society of Chemotherapy."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.165.7.2105078"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2008.03.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.0287"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.17022"}],"container-title":["Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/aac.01154-25","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/aac.01154-25","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]],"date-time":"2026-03-04T14:01:56Z","timestamp":1772632916000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/aac.01154-25"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Laurent","family":"Poirel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/aac.01154-25"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/aac.01154-25","relation":{"is-identical-to":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1128\/aac.00084-26","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0066-4804","1098-6596"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0066-4804","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-6596","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-07-28","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-11-19","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-01-15","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e01154-25"}}