{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T20:23:30Z","timestamp":1782332610222,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,1]],"date-time":"2017-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1488326400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001412","name":"Council of Scientific and Industrial Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BSC0114"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BSC0114"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001412","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Agents Chemother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Leishmaniasis chemotherapy remains very challenging due to high cost of the drug and its associated toxicity and drug resistance, which develops over a period of time. Combination therapies (CT) are now in use to treat many diseases, such as cancer and malaria, since it is more effective and affordable than monotherapy. CT are believed to represent a new explorable strategy for leishmaniasis, a neglected tropical disease caused by the obligate intracellular parasite\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Leishmania<\/jats:named-content>\n            . In the present study, we investigated the effect of a combination of a traditional Indian medicine (ayurveda), a natural product curcumin and miltefosine, the only oral drug for visceral leishmaniasis (VL) using a\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Leishmania donovani<\/jats:named-content>\n            -hamster model. We developed an oral nanoparticle-based formulation of curcumin. Nanoformulation of curcumin alone exhibited significant leishmanicidal activity both\n            <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n            and\n            <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n            . In combination with miltefosine, it exhibited a synergistic effect on both promastigotes and amastigotes under\n            <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n            conditions. The combination of these two agents also demonstrated increased\n            <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n            leishmanicidal activity accompanied by increased production of toxic reactive oxygen\/nitrogen metabolites and enhanced phagocytic activity. The combination also exhibited increased lymphocyte proliferation. The present study thus establishes the possible use of nanocurcumin as an adjunct to antileishmanial chemotherapy.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.01169-16","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,29]],"date-time":"2016-12-29T02:30:21Z","timestamp":1482978621000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":70,"title":["Nanotized Curcumin and Miltefosine, a Potential Combination for Treatment of Experimental Visceral Leishmaniasis"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"61","author":[{"given":"Brajendra","family":"Tiwari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Janki-Puram Vistar, Lucknow, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richa","family":"Pahuja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nucleic Acids Research Lab, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India"},{"name":"Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Chennai, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pradeep","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nucleic Acids Research Lab, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Srikanta Kumar","family":"Rath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Toxicology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Janki-Puram Vistar, Lucknow, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kailash Chand","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nucleic Acids Research Lab, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India"},{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering and Centre for Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neena","family":"Goyal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Janki-Puram Vistar, Lucknow, India"},{"name":"Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Chennai, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2006.09.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(10)70011-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2010\/617521"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/092986709787458489"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.50.1.73-79.2006"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3156.2001.00778.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/507530"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-2952(87)90543-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","first-page":"394","article-title":"Availability of miltefosine for the treatment of kala-azar in India","volume":"83","author":"Sundar S","year":"2005","unstructured":"Sundar S MurrayHW. 2005. 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