{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T05:43:21Z","timestamp":1791179001398,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,3,1]],"date-time":"2008-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1204329600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Agents Chemother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Emerging antimicrobial resistance among uropathogens makes the management of acute uncomplicated cystitis increasingly challenging. Few prospective data are available on the risk factors for resistance to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX), the drug of choice in most settings. In order to evaluate this, we prospectively enrolled women 18 to 50 years of age presenting to an urban primary care practice with symptoms of cystitis. Potentially eligible women provided a urine sample for culture and completed a questionnaire regarding putative risk factors for TMP-SMX resistance.\n            <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n            isolates were tested for clonal group A (CGA) membership by a\n            <jats:italic>fumC<\/jats:italic>\n            -specific PCR. Of 165 women with cystitis symptoms, 103 had a positive urine culture and were eligible for participation.\n            <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n            was the predominant uropathogen (86%). Fifteen (14.6%) women had a TMP-SMX-resistant (TMP-SMX\n            <jats:sup>r<\/jats:sup>\n            ) organism (all of which were\n            <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n            ). Compared with the women who had a TMP-SMX-susceptible organism, women in the TMP-SMX\n            <jats:sup>r<\/jats:sup>\n            group were more likely to have traveled (odds ratio [OR], 15.4; 95% confidence interval [CI], 4.4 to 54.3;\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            &lt; 0.001) and to be Asian (OR, 6.1; 95% CI, 1.0 to 36.4;\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            = 0.048). CGA was also independently associated with TMP-SMX resistance (OR, 105; 95% CI, 6.3 to 1,777.6;\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            = 0.001). No association with TMP-SMX resistance was demonstrated for the use of either TMP-SMX or another antibiotic in the past 3 months or with having a child in day care. Among these women with acute uncomplicated cystitis, Asian race and recent travel were independently associated with TMP-SMX resistance. TMP-SMX\n            <jats:sup>r<\/jats:sup>\n            isolates were more likely to belong to CGA. Knowledge of these risk factors for TMP-SMX resistance could facilitate the accurate selection of empirical therapy.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.01200-07","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,12,18]],"date-time":"2007-12-18T02:39:01Z","timestamp":1197945541000},"page":"846-851","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"title":["Risk Factors for Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole Resistance in Patients with Acute Uncomplicated Cystitis"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"52","author":[{"given":"Richard","family":"Colgan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James R.","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Medicine and Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, and VA Medical Center, Minneapolis, Minneapolis"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Kuskowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Medicine and Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, and VA Medical Center, Minneapolis, Minneapolis"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kalpana","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut"},{"name":"VA Medical Center, West Haven, Connecticut"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/339491"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(03)00372-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.66.10.4555-4558.2000"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2207","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.167.20.2207","volume":"167","year":"2007","unstructured":"Gupta, K., T. M. Hooton, P. Roberts, and W. Stamm. 2007. Short-course nitrofurantoin for the treatment of uncomplicated acute cystitis in women. Arch. Intern. Med.167:2207-2212.","journal-title":"Arch. Intern. Med."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dki169"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0924-8579(02)00104-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1303","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkl432","volume":"58","year":"2006","unstructured":"Hillier, S., J. Bell, M. Heginbothom, Z. Roberts, F. Dunstan, A. Howard, B. Mason, and C. C. Butler. 2006. When do general practitioners request urine specimens for microbiology analysis? The applicability of antibiotic resistance surveillance based on routinely collected data. J. Antimicrob. Chemother.58:1303-1306.","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/422145"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.162.1.41"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1080\/00365540410021009","volume":"37","year":"2005","unstructured":"Hummers-Pradier, E., M. Koch, A. M. Ohse, W. R. Heizmann, and M. M. Kochen. 2005. Antibiotic resistance of urinary pathogens in female general practice patients. Scand. J. Infect. Dis.37:256-261.","journal-title":"Scand. J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)09264-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1101.040418"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.42.6.2618-2622.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.166.6.635","volume":"166","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kallen, A. J., H. G. Welch, and B. E. Sirovich. 2006. Current antibiotic therapy for isolated urinary tract infections in women. Arch. Intern. Med.166:635-639.","journal-title":"Arch. Intern. Med."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa011265"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1588","DOI":"10.2146\/ajhp060177","volume":"63","year":"2006","unstructured":"Mentler, P. A., B. R. Kuhn, and G. Gandhi. 2006. Risk stratification for trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole resistance in community-acquired, uncomplicated urinary tract infections. Am. J. Health Syst. Pharm.63:1588-1590.","journal-title":"Am. J. Health Syst. Pharm."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkg146","volume":"51","year":"2003","unstructured":"Metlay, J. P., B. L. Strom, and D. A. Asch. 2003. Prior antimicrobial drug exposure: a risk factor for trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole-resistant urinary tract infections. J. Antimicrob. Chemother.51:963-970.","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00222615-33-1-23"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200202143460717"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/339812"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200202143460717"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","unstructured":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","first-page":"775","volume":"44","year":"2007","unstructured":"Stamm, W. E. 2007. Evaluating guidelines. Clin. Infect. Dis.44:775-776.","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/47.6.781","volume":"47","year":"2001","unstructured":"Steinke, D. T., R. A. Seaton, G. Phillips, T. M. MacDonald, and P. G. Davey. 2001. Prior trimethoprim use and trimethoprim-resistant urinary tract infec-tion: a nested case-control study with multivariate analysis for other risk factors. J. Antimicrob. Chemother.47:781-787.","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1086\/511866","volume":"44","year":"2007","unstructured":"Taur, Y., and M. A. Smith. 2007. Adherence to the Infectious Diseases Society of America guidelines in the treatment of uncomplicated urinary tract infection. Clin. Infect. Dis.44:769-774.","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/520427"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-1497.1999.10128.x","volume":"14","year":"1999","unstructured":"Wright, S. W., K. D. Wrenn, and M. L. Haynes. 1999. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole resistance among urinary coliform isolates. J. Gen. Intern. Med.14:606-609.","journal-title":"J. Gen. Intern. Med."}],"container-title":["Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/AAC.01200-07","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/AAC.01200-07","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,21]],"date-time":"2022-02-21T19:30:18Z","timestamp":1645471818000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/AAC.01200-07"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,3]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/AAC.01200-07"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/aac.01200-07","relation":{},"ISSN":["0066-4804","1098-6596"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0066-4804","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-6596","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2007-09-11","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2007-12-04","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2008-03-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}