{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T22:06:39Z","timestamp":1782770799140,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,5]],"date-time":"2024-12-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733356800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/ASMCopyrightv2"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,5]],"date-time":"2024-12-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733356800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Dutch health insurance company: Zorg en Zekerheid","award":["ST.2015.53"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ST.2015.53"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Agents Chemother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title\/>\n            <jats:p>\n              Fluoroquinolones (FQs) are considered the most effective antimicrobial treatment for Gram-negative prosthetic joint infection (GN-PJI). Alternatives are needed due to increasing FQ resistance and side effects. We aimed to compare different targeted antimicrobial strategies for GN-PJI managed by debridement, antibiotics, and implant retention (DAIR) or one-stage revision surgery (1SR) and to review the literature of oral treatment options for GN-PJI. In this prospective, multicenter, registry-based study, all consecutive patients with a PJI caused by a Gram-negative microorganism (including mixed infections with Gram-positive microorganisms), managed with DAIR or 1SR from 2015 to 2020, were included. Minimum follow-up was 1 year. Patients underwent targeted therapy with oral FQ, oral cotrimoxazole, or intravenous or oral \u03b2-lactams. Survival analysis was performed with use of Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazards models to identify factors potentially associated with treatment failure. Seventy-four patients who received either FQ (\n              <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n              = 47, 64%), cotrimoxazole (\n              <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n              = 13, 18%), or \u03b2-lactams (\n              <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n              = 14, 18%) were included. Surgical strategy consisted of DAIR (\n              <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n              = 72) or 1SR (\n              <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n              = 2). Median follow-up was 449 days (interquartile range 89\u2013738 days). Failure free survival did not differ between the FQ (72%) and cotrimoxazole (92%) groups (log rank,\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              = 0.13). This outcome did not change when excluding all pseudomonal PJI in the FQ group. Cotrimoxazole is a potential effective targeted antimicrobial therapy for patients with GN-PJI. A randomized controlled trial is needed to confirm the findings of this study.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.01232-24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,13]],"date-time":"2024-11-13T14:00:24Z","timestamp":1731506424000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Targeted antimicrobial regimens for Gram-negative prosthetic joint infections: a prospective multicenter study"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"68","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9898-7960","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jaap L. J.","family":"Hanssen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Leiden University Center for Infectious Diseases (LU-CID), Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center","place":["Leiden, the Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert J. P.","family":"van der Wal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics, Leiden University Medical Centre","place":["Leiden, the Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachid","family":"Mahdad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Alrijne Hospital","place":["Leiderdorp, the Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Keizer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Haaglanden Medical Centre","place":["The Hague, the Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathalie M.","family":"Delfos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Alrijne Hospital","place":["Leiderdorp, the Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joris C. T.","family":"van der Lugt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Traumatology, Hospital Vithas Xanit Estepona","place":["Estepona, Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karin Ellen","family":"Veldkamp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Centre","place":["Leiden, the Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter A.","family":"Nolte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Spaarne Gasthuis","place":["Hoofddorp, the Netherlands"]},{"name":"Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Centre for Dentistry (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam","place":["Amsterdam, the Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masja","family":"Leendertse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, Alrijne Hospital","place":["Leiderdorp, the Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luc B. 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