{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T18:15:53Z","timestamp":1778177753125,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,11,1]],"date-time":"2009-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1257033600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Agents Chemother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:italic>Bacillus anthracis<\/jats:italic>\n            is a powerful agent for use in biological warfare, and infection with the organism is associated with a high rate of mortality, underscoring the need for additional effective therapies for anthrax. Radioimmunotherapy (RIT) takes advantage of the specificity and affinity of the antigen-antibody interaction to deliver a microbicidal radioactive nuclide to a site of infection. RIT has proven therapeutic in experimental models of viral, bacterial, and fungal infections; but it is not known whether this approach can successfully employ toxin binding monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) for diseases caused by toxigenic bacteria. Indirect immunofluorescence studies with MAbs to protective antigen (MAbs 7.5G \u03b32b and 10F4 \u03b31) and lethal factor (MAb 14FA \u03b32b) revealed the surface expression of toxins on bacterial cells. Scatchard analysis of MAbs revealed high binding constants and numerous binding sites on the bacterial surface. To investigate the microbicidal properties of these MAbs, our group radiolabeled MAbs with either\n            <jats:sup>188<\/jats:sup>\n            Re or\n            <jats:sup>213<\/jats:sup>\n            Bi. In vitro,\n            <jats:sup>213<\/jats:sup>\n            Bi was more efficient than\n            <jats:sup>188<\/jats:sup>\n            Re in mediating microbicidal activity against\n            <jats:italic>B. anthracis<\/jats:italic>\n            . The administration of MAbs [\n            <jats:sup>213<\/jats:sup>\n            Bi]10F4 \u03b31 and [\n            <jats:sup>213<\/jats:sup>\n            Bi]14FA \u03b32b prolonged the survival of A\/JCr mice infected with\n            <jats:italic>B. anthracis<\/jats:italic>\n            Sterne bacterial cells but not\n            <jats:italic>B. anthracis<\/jats:italic>\n            Sterne spores. These results indicate that RIT with MAbs that target\n            <jats:italic>B. anthracis<\/jats:italic>\n            toxin components can be used to treat experimental anthrax infection and suggest that toxigenic bacteria may be targeted with radiolabeled MAbs.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.01269-08","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,25]],"date-time":"2009-08-25T02:14:08Z","timestamp":1251166448000},"page":"4860-4868","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Radiolabeled Antibodies to\n            <i>Bacillus anthracis<\/i>\n            Toxins Are Bactericidal and Partially Therapeutic in Experimental Murine Anthrax"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"Johanna","family":"Rivera","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antonio S.","family":"Nakouzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alfred","family":"Morgenstern","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Transuranium Elements, Karlsruhe, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Frank","family":"Bruchertseifer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Transuranium Elements, Karlsruhe, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ekaterina","family":"Dadachova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology"},{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arturo","family":"Casadevall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, New York 10461"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M109.022061"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ac0580114"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","first-page":"1","volume":"8","year":"2006","unstructured":"Banks, D. J., S. C. Ward, and K. A. Bradley. 2006. New insights into the functions of anthrax toxin. Expert Rev. Mol. Med.8:1-18.","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Mol. Med."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","unstructured":"Radiation biology 1968"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.cellbio.19.111301.140655"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2005.02.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/503369"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.48.3.1004-1006.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.48.5.1624-1629.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1517\/17425247.2.6.1075"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","first-page":"313","volume":"45","year":"2004","unstructured":"Dadachova, E., R. W. Howell, R. A. Bryan, A. Frenkel, J. D. Nosanchuk, and A. Casadevall. 2004. 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