{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T07:00:03Z","timestamp":1790233203159,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,1]],"date-time":"2013-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1364774400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Agents Chemother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Amphotericin B (AMB) is the predominant antifungal drug, but the mechanism of resistance is not well understood. We compared the\n            <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n            virulence of an AMB-resistant\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Aspergillus terreus<\/jats:named-content>\n            (ATR) isolate with that of an AMB-susceptible\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">A. terreus<\/jats:named-content>\n            isolate (ATS) using a murine model for disseminated aspergillosis. Furthermore, we analyzed the molecular basis of intrinsic AMB resistance\n            <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n            by comparing the ergosterol content, cell-associated AMB levels, AMB-induced intracellular efflux, and prooxidant effects between ATR and ATS. Infection of immunosuppressed mice with ATS or ATR showed that the ATS strain was more lethal than the ATR strain. However, AMB treatment improved the outcome in ATS-infected mice while having no positive effect on the animals infected with ATR. The\n            <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n            data demonstrated that ergosterol content is not the molecular basis for AMB resistance. ATR absorbed less AMB, discharged more intracellular compounds, and had better protection against oxidative damage than the susceptible strain. Our experiments showed that ergosterol content plays a minor role in intrinsic AMB resistance and is not directly associated with intracellular cell-associated AMB content. AMB might exert its antifungal activity by oxidative injury rather than by an increase in membrane permeation.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.01283-12","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,15]],"date-time":"2013-01-15T04:53:42Z","timestamp":1358225622000},"page":"1583-1588","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":77,"title":["New Insight into Amphotericin B Resistance in Aspergillus terreus"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"Gerhard","family":"Blum","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hygiene and Social Medicine, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caroline","family":"H\u00f6rtnagl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hygiene and Social Medicine, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emina","family":"Jukic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hygiene and Social Medicine, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Erbeznik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hygiene and Social Medicine, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"P\u00fcmpel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Laboratory Animal Facility, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hermann","family":"Dietrich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Microbiology, Leopold-Franzens-University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Markus","family":"Nagl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hygiene and Social Medicine, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cornelia","family":"Speth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hygiene and Social Medicine, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G\u00fcnter","family":"Rambach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hygiene and Social Medicine, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cornelia","family":"Lass-Fl\u00f6rl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hygiene and Social Medicine, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/497138"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00277-002-0466-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/323895"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/598327"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/14.Supplement_1.S43"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2008.02099.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00917-07"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/jhin.2000.0799"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10482-005-3870-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0732-8893(98)00102-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00134-07"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/421950"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","first-page":"122","article-title":"Amphotericin B: an update","volume":"53","author":"Abu-Salah KM","year":"1996","unstructured":"Abu-SalahKM. 1996. 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