{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T11:32:04Z","timestamp":1791977524957,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,1]],"date-time":"2015-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1446336000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Agents Chemother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Naegleria fowleri<\/jats:named-content>\n                    has generated tremendous media attention over the last 5 years due to several high-profile cases. Several of these cases were followed very closely by the general public.\n                    <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">N. fowleri<\/jats:named-content>\n                    is a eukaryotic, free-living amoeba belonging to the phylum Percolozoa.\n                    <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Naegleria<\/jats:named-content>\n                    amoebae are ubiquitous in the environment, being found in soil and bodies of freshwater, and feed on bacteria found in those locations. While\n                    <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">N. fowleri<\/jats:named-content>\n                    infection appears to be quite rare compared to other diseases, the clinical manifestations of primary amoebic meningoencephalitis are devastating and nearly always fatal. Due to the rarity of\n                    <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">N. fowleri<\/jats:named-content>\n                    infections in humans, there are no clinical trials to date that assess the efficacy of one treatment regimen over another. Most of the information regarding medication efficacy is based on either case reports or\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    studies. This review will discuss the pathogenesis, diagnosis, pharmacotherapy, and prevention of\n                    <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">N. fowleri<\/jats:named-content>\n                    infections in humans, including a brief review of all survivor cases in North America.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.01293-15","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,10]],"date-time":"2015-08-10T22:20:26Z","timestamp":1439245226000},"page":"6677-6681","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":242,"title":["Naegleria fowleri: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Treatment Options"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"Eddie","family":"Grace","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Presbyterian College School of Pharmacy, Clinton, South Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Scott","family":"Asbill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Presbyterian College School of Pharmacy, Clinton, South Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kris","family":"Virga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Presbyterian College School of Pharmacy, Clinton, South Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2011.07.023"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1645\/0022-3395(2000)086[0050:ALMSOT]2.0.CO;2","article-title":"A light microscopy study of the migration of Naegleria fowleri from the nasal submucosa to the central nervous system during the early stage of primary amebic meningoencephalitis in mice","volume":"86","author":"Jarolim KL","year":"2000","unstructured":"Jarolim KL, McCosh JK, Howard MJ, John DT. 2000. 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