{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T01:32:16Z","timestamp":1787016736778,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008903","name":"Ministry of Health and Welfare","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MOHW113-CDC-C-315-114110"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOHW113-CDC-C-315-114110"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008903","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008903","name":"Ministry of Health and Welfare","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MOHW113-CDC-C-315-144310"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOHW113-CDC-C-315-144310"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008903","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Agents Chemother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title\/>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The recent emergence of azithromycin-resistant extensively drug-resistant (AziR-XDR)\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Salmonella enterica<\/jats:italic>\n                      serovar Typhimurium (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">S<\/jats:italic>\n                      . Typhimurium) in Taiwan poses a significant public health concern. To investigate the genetic basis and the evolutionary dynamics, we analyzed 60 isolates collected between 2007 and 2024, comprising multidrug-resistant (MDR,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 45) and AziR-XDR (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 15) isolates from human and animal sources. Whole-genome sequencing analysis revealed that 36 of 45 MDR isolates and all AziR-XDR isolates belonged to the HC50_13 subclone (differing by \u2264 50 core genes) and clustered within the HC20_152604 cluster (differing by \u2264 20 core genes) and the SNP cluster PDS000042202. All HC50_13 MDR isolates and AziR-XDR isolates carried core resistance genes including\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">aac(3)-IId<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">aph(3\u2019\u2019)-Ib<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">aph(6)-Id<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">blaTEM-1<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">floR<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">sul2<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">tet(A<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) on type 2 IncC plasmids, and AziR-XDR isolates carried additional antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) on the plasmids, including\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">blaDHA-1<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">dfrA17<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">mph(A<\/jats:italic>\n                      ),\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">qnrB<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">sul1<\/jats:italic>\n                      , conferring additional resistance to azithromycin, trimethoprim, third-generation cephalosporins, and fluoroquinolones. AziR-XDR\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">S. Typhimurium<\/jats:italic>\n                      strains belonging to the HC50_13 subclone were initially identified in 2016 and have notably increased in Taiwan since 2021. The subclone was likely evolved from MDR ancestor strains by multiple IS\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">26<\/jats:italic>\n                      -mediated acquisitions of additional resistance cassettes. Our findings demonstrate how MDR\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">S<\/jats:italic>\n                      . Typhimurium can evolve locally into highly resistant strains. This underscores the need for genomic surveillance and coordinated antimicrobial stewardship in Taiwan and globally to prevent further dissemination of the highly resistant HC20_152604 clade.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.01334-25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T15:09:59Z","timestamp":1771513799000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Epidemiology and genomics of azithromycin-resistant extensively drug-resistant\n                    <i>Salmonella enterica<\/i>\n                    serovar Typhimurium in Taiwan"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"70","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2249-7364","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yu-Ping","family":"Hong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00vxgjw72","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Center for Research, Diagnostics and Vaccine Development, Centers for Disease Control, Ministry of Health and Welfare","place":["Taichung, Taiwan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying-Shu","family":"Liao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00vxgjw72","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Center for Research, Diagnostics and Vaccine Development, Centers for Disease Control, Ministry of Health and Welfare","place":["Taichung, 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