{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,11]],"date-time":"2026-04-11T06:45:24Z","timestamp":1775889924661,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,1]],"date-time":"2017-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1512086400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"QuintilesIMS"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"HHS | National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T32GM086330"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32GM086330"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"HHS | National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K23HD083465"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K23HD083465"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Agents Chemother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Fluconazole is an antifungal agent used for the treatment of invasive candidiasis, a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in premature infants. Population pharmacokinetic (PK) models of fluconazole in infants have been previously published by Wade et al. (Antimicrob Agents Chemother 52:4043\u20134049, 2008,\n            <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/AAC.00569-08\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/AAC.00569-08<\/jats:ext-link>\n            ) and Momper et al. (Antimicrob Agents Chemother 60:5539\u20135545, 2016,\n            <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/AAC.00963-16\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/AAC.00963-16<\/jats:ext-link>\n            ). Here we report the results of the first external evaluation of the predictive performance of both models. We used patient-level data from both studies to externally evaluate both PK models. The predictive performance of each model was evaluated using the model prediction error (PE), mean prediction error (MPE), mean absolute prediction error (MAPE), prediction-corrected visual predictive check (pcVPC), and normalized prediction distribution errors (NPDE). The values of the parameters of each model were reestimated using both the external and merged data sets. When evaluated with the external data set, the model proposed by Wade et al. showed lower median PE, MPE, and MAPE (0.429 \u03bcg\/ml, 41.9%, and 57.6%, respectively) than the model proposed by Momper et al. (2.45 \u03bcg\/ml, 188%, and 195%, respectively). The values of the majority of reestimated parameters were within 20% of their respective original parameter values for all model evaluations. Our analysis determined that though both models are robust, the model proposed by Wade et al. had greater accuracy and precision than the model proposed by Momper et al., likely because it was derived from a patient population with a wider age range. This study highlights the importance of the external evaluation of infant population PK models.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.01352-17","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,12]],"date-time":"2017-09-12T00:40:28Z","timestamp":1505176828000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["External Evaluation of Two Fluconazole Infant Population Pharmacokinetic Models"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"61","author":[{"given":"Michael F.","family":"Hwang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ryan J.","family":"Beechinor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kelly C.","family":"Wade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"suffix":"Jr.","given":"Daniel K.","family":"Benjamin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA"},{"name":"Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P. Brian","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA"},{"name":"Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christoph P.","family":"Hornik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA"},{"name":"Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Edmund V.","family":"Capparelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California, San Diego, Department of Pediatrics and Skaggs School of Pharmacy, La Jolla, California, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shahnaz","family":"Duara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kathleen A.","family":"Kennedy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Cohen-Wolkowiez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA"},{"name":"Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Gonzalez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2009-3412"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2004-2292"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-199612000-00011"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","volume-title":"Package insert","author":"Pfizer Inc","year":"2010","unstructured":"Pfizer Inc. 2010. 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