{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T11:26:20Z","timestamp":1788175580087,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Anti-Resistance Microbial Drugs","award":["2023TP1013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023TP1013"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100018625","name":"Science and Technology Innovation Plan Of Shanghai Science and Technology Commission","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["23YF1404000"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23YF1404000"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100018625","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Agents Chemother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title\/>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Nemonoxacin, a novel non-fluorinated quinolone, is approved for community-acquired pneumonia, but its efficacy against uncomplicated urinary tract infections (uUTIs) caused by\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                      (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) is uncertain. We aimed to establish an\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      uUTIs model simulating urinary concentrations to evaluate dosing regimens. An\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      model was developed using cation-adjusted Mueller\u2013Hinton broth (CAMHB) and synthetic human urine (SHU) to reproduce urinary exposure. The model was applied to 12\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                      clinical isolates and ATCC 25922 (MICs &lt;0.03 to &gt;512 mg\/L) over 24 h. The effects of medium type on MICs and bacterial growth were assessed. Pharmacokinetics\/pharmacodynamics (PK\/PD) relationships were described using a sigmoid\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">E<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub>\n                      model, with change in bacterial density (\u0394log\n                      <jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>\n                      CFU\/mL) and the area under the bacterial kill curve (AUBKC) as efficacy endpoints. Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) estimated the probability of target attainment (PTA) and cumulative fraction of response (CFR) for 500 mg and 750 mg once-daily regimens. Nemonoxacin MICs were higher in SHU, and bacterial growth showed early inhibition. The AUC\n                      <jats:sub>0\u201324<\/jats:sub>\n                      \/MIC ratio best correlated with antibacterial effect (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">R<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00b2 = 0.951 in CAMHB; 0.982 in SHU). For a 1-log CFU reduction, AUC\n                      <jats:sub>0\u201324<\/jats:sub>\n                      \/MIC targets were 46.5 in CAMHB and 199 in SHU. The 500 mg regimen achieved \u226590% PTA for isolates with MIC \u2264 16 mg\/L (CFR 92.1%) using CAMHB-derived targets but only \u22648 mg\/L (CFR 59.4%) in SHU. A 500 mg once-daily regimen of nemonoxacin appears to be a promising therapeutic option for the treatment of uUTIs, although further clinical studies are necessary to validate these findings.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.01368-25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T14:59:52Z","timestamp":1781189992000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Nemonoxacin pharmacokinetics\/pharmacodynamics against\n                    <i>Escherichia coli<\/i>\n                    in an\n                    <i>in vitro<\/i>\n                    dynamic urinary tract infection model"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"70","author":[{"given":"Chunye","family":"Qi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/013q1eq08","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Institute of Antibiotics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University","place":["Shanghai, China"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/013q1eq08","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Clinical Pharmacology Research Center, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University","place":["Shanghai, China"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/013q1eq08","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Administration, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University","place":["Shanghai, China"]},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Antibiotic Clinical Pharmacology of the National Health Commission","place":["Shanghai, China"]},{"name":"Joint Laboratory of Hospital and Enterprise for Pathogen Diagnosis of Drug-Resistant Bacterial lnfections and lnnovative Drug R&D","place":["Shanghai, China"]},{"name":"Professional Technical Service Platform for Comprehensive Preclinical Pharmacodynamic Evaluation and Clinical Translation of Antibacterial Agents","place":["Shanghai, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruohao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/013q1eq08","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Institute of Antibiotics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University","place":["Shanghai, China"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/013q1eq08","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Administration, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University","place":["Shanghai, China"]},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Antibiotic Clinical Pharmacology of the National Health Commission","place":["Shanghai, China"]},{"name":"Joint Laboratory of Hospital and Enterprise for Pathogen Diagnosis of Drug-Resistant Bacterial lnfections and lnnovative Drug R&D","place":["Shanghai, China"]},{"name":"Professional Technical Service Platform for Comprehensive Preclinical Pharmacodynamic Evaluation and Clinical Translation of Antibacterial Agents","place":["Shanghai, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xingyi","family":"Qu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/013q1eq08","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Institute of Antibiotics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University","place":["Shanghai, China"]},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Antibiotic Clinical Pharmacology of the National Health Commission","place":["Shanghai, China"]},{"name":"Joint Laboratory of Hospital and Enterprise for Pathogen Diagnosis of Drug-Resistant Bacterial lnfections and lnnovative Drug R&D","place":["Shanghai, China"]},{"name":"Professional Technical Service Platform for Comprehensive Preclinical Pharmacodynamic Evaluation and Clinical Translation of Antibacterial Agents","place":["Shanghai, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5526-1502","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Xiaofen","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/013q1eq08","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Institute of Antibiotics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University","place":["Shanghai, China"]},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Antibiotic Clinical Pharmacology of the National Health Commission","place":["Shanghai, China"]},{"name":"Joint Laboratory of Hospital and Enterprise for Pathogen Diagnosis of Drug-Resistant Bacterial lnfections and lnnovative Drug R&D","place":["Shanghai, China"]},{"name":"Professional Technical Service Platform for Comprehensive Preclinical Pharmacodynamic Evaluation and Clinical Translation of Antibacterial Agents","place":["Shanghai, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2554-5317","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Xingchen","family":"Bian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/013q1eq08","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Clinical Pharmacology Research Center, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University","place":["Shanghai, China"]},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Antibiotic Clinical Pharmacology of the National Health Commission","place":["Shanghai, China"]},{"name":"Joint Laboratory of Hospital and Enterprise for Pathogen Diagnosis of Drug-Resistant Bacterial lnfections and lnnovative Drug R&D","place":["Shanghai, China"]},{"name":"Professional Technical Service Platform for Comprehensive Preclinical Pharmacodynamic Evaluation and Clinical Translation of Antibacterial Agents","place":["Shanghai, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fengjia","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05h86nk22","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Research and Development Center, Zhejiang Medicine Co., Ltd.","place":["Zhejiang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05h86nk22","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Research and Development Center, Zhejiang Medicine Co., Ltd.","place":["Zhejiang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-9073-4349","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Xin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/013q1eq08","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Institute of Antibiotics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University","place":["Shanghai, China"]},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Antibiotic Clinical Pharmacology of the National Health Commission","place":["Shanghai, China"]},{"name":"Joint Laboratory of Hospital and Enterprise for Pathogen Diagnosis of Drug-Resistant Bacterial lnfections and lnnovative Drug R&D","place":["Shanghai, China"]},{"name":"Professional Technical Service Platform for Comprehensive Preclinical Pharmacodynamic Evaluation and Clinical Translation of Antibacterial Agents","place":["Shanghai, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2966-9149","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jing","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/013q1eq08","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Institute of Antibiotics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University","place":["Shanghai, China"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/013q1eq08","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Clinical Pharmacology Research Center, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University","place":["Shanghai, China"]},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Antibiotic Clinical Pharmacology of the National Health Commission","place":["Shanghai, China"]},{"name":"Joint Laboratory of Hospital and Enterprise for Pathogen Diagnosis of Drug-Resistant Bacterial lnfections and lnnovative Drug R&D","place":["Shanghai, China"]},{"name":"Professional Technical Service Platform for Comprehensive Preclinical Pharmacodynamic Evaluation and Clinical Translation of Antibacterial Agents","place":["Shanghai, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3238\/arztebl.2011.0415"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3205\/id000078"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro3432"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00078-09"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2006.07.026"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciae403"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2011.05.015"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_9_2","first-page":"886","article-title":"Population pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics modeling of oral levofloxacin","volume":"99","author":"Jaruratanasirikul S","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jaruratanasirikul S, Jaspattananon A, Wongpoowarak W, Nawakitrangsan M, Thengyai S, Samaeng M. 2018. Population pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics modeling of oral levofloxacin. J Med Assoc Thai 99:886\u2013892.","journal-title":"J Med Assoc Thai"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkac402"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/11632780-000000000-00000"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0924-8579(02)00105-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104-018-3599-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0002-9343(99)00026-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/35.1.129"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2016.06.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_17_2","volume-title":"CLSI M100-ED32","author":"CLSI","year":"2022","unstructured":"CLSI. 2022. Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing. In CLSI M100-ED32, 32nd ed","edition":"32"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.32.4.552"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01098-12"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_20_2","unstructured":"FDA. 2024. Q2(R2) Validation of analytical procedures. Available from: https:\/\/www.gmp-compliance.org\/gmp-news\/ich-guidance-q14-q2r2-analytical-method-development-method-validation-published-for-consultation"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_21_2","unstructured":"EMA. 2022. ICH guideline M10 on bioanalytical method validation and study sample analysis. Available from: https:\/\/www.ema.europa.eu\/en\/documents\/scientific-guideline\/ich-guideline-m10-bioanalytical-method-validation-step-5_en.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_22_2","first-page":"152","article-title":"Bacterial growth in an in vitro system simulating conditions in the urinary bladder","volume":"47","author":"O\u2019Grady F","year":"1966","unstructured":"O\u2019Grady F, Pennington JH. 1966. Bacterial growth in an in vitro system simulating conditions in the urinary bladder. Br J Exp Pathol 47:152\u2013157.","journal-title":"Br J Exp Pathol"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01645195"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.31.7.1054"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/514623"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495-199958002-00006"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2023.912962"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2023.03.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiac.2015.02.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jop.2011.0072"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkx427"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18773\/austprescr.2019.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2023.1148603"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics9090534"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.00242-24"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resmic.2021.103889"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14787210.2020.1813567"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01982-19"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2016.00014"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-29592-3"}],"container-title":["Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/aac.01368-25","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/aac.01368-25","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]],"date-time":"2026-07-11T13:02:44Z","timestamp":1783774964000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/aac.01368-25"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Vincent H.","family":"Tam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/aac.01368-25"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/aac.01368-25","relation":{},"ISSN":["0066-4804","1098-6596"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0066-4804","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-6596","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-09-08","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-01-12","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-06-11","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e01368-25"}}