{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]],"date-time":"2026-05-18T14:32:02Z","timestamp":1779114722462,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,1]],"date-time":"2011-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1306886400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Agents Chemother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Yersinia pestis<\/jats:named-content>\n            , the bacterium that causes plague, is a potential agent of bioterrorism. Streptomycin is the \u201cgold standard\u201d for the treatment of plague infections in humans, but the drug is not available in many countries, and resistance to this antibiotic occurs naturally and has been generated in the laboratory. Other antibiotics have been shown to be active against\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Y. pestis in vitro<\/jats:named-content>\n            and\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">in vivo<\/jats:named-content>\n            . However, the relative efficacies of clinically prescribed regimens of these antibiotics with streptomycin and with each other for the killing of\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Yersinia pestis<\/jats:named-content>\n            are unknown. The efficacies of simulated pharmacokinetic profiles for human 10-day clinical regimens of ampicillin, meropenem, moxifloxacin, ciprofloxacin, and gentamicin were compared with the gold standard, streptomycin, for killing of\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Yersinia pestis<\/jats:named-content>\n            in an\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">in vitro<\/jats:named-content>\n            pharmacodynamic model. Resistance amplification with therapy was also assessed. Streptomycin killed the microbe in one trial but failed due to resistance amplification in the second trial. In two trials, the other antibiotics consistently reduced the bacterial densities within the pharmacodynamic systems from 10\n            <jats:sup>8<\/jats:sup>\n            CFU\/ml to undetectable levels (&lt;10\n            <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n            CFU\/ml) between 1 and 3 days of treatment. None of the comparator agents selected for resistance. The comparator antibiotics were superior to streptomycin against\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Y. pestis<\/jats:named-content>\n            and deserve further evaluation.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.01374-10","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,13]],"date-time":"2011-04-13T02:22:58Z","timestamp":1302661378000},"page":"2623-2628","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Comparative Efficacies of Candidate Antibiotics against Yersinia pestis in an In Vitro Pharmacodynamic Model"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"Arnold","family":"Louie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infections, Ordway Research Institute, Albany, New York 12208"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brian","family":"VanScoy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infections, Ordway Research Institute, Albany, New York 12208"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Weiguo","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infections, Ordway Research Institute, Albany, New York 12208"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Kulawy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infections, Ordway Research Institute, Albany, New York 12208"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infections, Ordway Research Institute, Albany, New York 12208"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Henry S.","family":"Heine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Disease, Frederick, Maryland 21702"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"George L.","family":"Drusano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infections, Ordway Research Institute, Albany, New York 12208"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","first-page":"423","article-title":"Observations on the mechanism of the transmission of plague by fleas","volume":"13","author":"Bacot A. 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