{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T01:29:02Z","timestamp":1787016542599,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Australian Medical Research Futures Fund","award":["1197970"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1197970"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Agents Chemother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title\/>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Ceftazidime is an effective antipseudomonal antibiotic, used commonly in cystic fibrosis. Continuous 24-hour intravenous infusion allows children to receive daily treatment at home. However, the instability of 24-h ceftazidime infusions and production of toxic pyridine has led to recommendations not to use them. We aimed to determine a suitable target temperature to limit degradation of ceftazidime in 24-h infusions and assess effectiveness of simple temperature control. For\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      experiments, infusers with 6g ceftazidime in 0.9% saline were incubated at 4\u00baC, 25\u00baC and 33\u00baC and sampled over 24h to measure ceftazidime and pyridine concentrations using high-performance liquid chromatography. For carried infuser experiments, to simulate 24-h home infusions, children carried two insulated carry bags containing ceftazidime 2g, 6g or 12g infusers with zero, 1 or 2 ice-packs for 24h. Samples were analysed for ceftazidime and pyridine concentrations. Results for\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      experiments showed that after 24h, ceftazidime remained stable (&gt;90% original concentration) at 4\u00baC and 25\u00baC but not 33\u00baC (decreased to 84%). Pyridine increased over 24h at 4\u00baC, 25\u00baC and 33\u00baC by 50%, 550% and 1,040% respectively. For carried infuser experiments, at a controlled temperature of 17-25\u00baC, ceftazidime concentration remained &gt;90% for all infusers except 12g with no ice-pack. Pyridine production in infusers with one or two ice-packs were reduced by 44-57% compared to no ice-pack. In conclusion, adding an ice-pack to a ceftazidime infuser in an insulated carry bag halves the pyridine produced. This indicates that a temperature-controlled daily 24-h continuous intravenous infusion of ceftazidime can replace the recommended twice daily 12-h infusions, allowing patients to receive ceftazidime treatment at home.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.01385-25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T14:11:27Z","timestamp":1780063887000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Solving the degradation problem of continuous ceftazidime infusions\u2014the Cooltaz study"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"70","author":[{"given":"Sonia L.","family":"La Vita","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/048fyec77","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Murdoch Children\u2019s Research Institute","place":["Melbourne, Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beverley","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01ej9dk98","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne","place":["Parkville, Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5262-5323","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Penelope A.","family":"Bryant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/048fyec77","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Murdoch Children\u2019s Research Institute","place":["Melbourne, Australia"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01ej9dk98","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne","place":["Parkville, Australia"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02rktxt32","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Hospital-In-The-Home Department, The Royal Children\u2019s Hospital","place":["Melbourne, Australia"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02rktxt32","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Infectious Diseases Department, The Royal Children\u2019s Hospital","place":["Melbourne, Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.21467"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiac.2018.01.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.36.12.2577"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.45.9.2643-2647.2001"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01586-06"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/pl00008370"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(17)30345-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-009-8116-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2022-325004"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(19)30288-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.25012"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2015-309731"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_2","first-page":"275","article-title":"The mechanism of ceftazidime degradation in aqueous solutions","volume":"55","author":"Zajac M","year":"1998","unstructured":"Zajac M, Siwek J, Muszalska I. 1998. The mechanism of ceftazidime degradation in aqueous solutions. Acta Pol Pharm 55:275\u2013278.","journal-title":"Acta Pol Pharm"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0731-7085(01)00588-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.02637-13"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkg134"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.46.8.2327-2332.2002"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_2","unstructured":"The US Pharmacopeial Convention Inc. 2017. Residual solvents US pharmacopeia. 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