{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T10:46:49Z","timestamp":1783594009260,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,1]],"date-time":"2018-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514764800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Agents Chemother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            The objective of this study was to analyze the relationship between the pharmacokinetic (PK)\/pharmacodynamic (PD) parameters of a single 2-g dose of extended-release formulation of azithromycin (AZM-SR) and its microbiological efficacy against gonococcal urethritis. Fifty male patients with gonococcal urethritis were enrolled in this study. In 36 patients, the plasma AZM concentrations were measured using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, the AZM MIC values for the\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Neisseria gonorrhoeae<\/jats:named-content>\n            isolates were determined, and the microbiological outcomes were assessed. AZM-SR monotherapy eradicated\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">N. gonorrhoeae<\/jats:named-content>\n            in 30 (83%) of the 36 patients. AZM MICs ranged from 0.03 to 2 mg\/liter. The mean value of the area under the concentration-time curve (AUC), estimated by population PK analysis using a two-compartment model, was 20.8 mg \u00b7 h\/liter. Logistic regression analysis showed that the PK\/PD target value required to predict an\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">N. gonorrhoeae<\/jats:named-content>\n            eradication rate of \u226595% was a calculated AUC\/MIC of \u226559.5. The AUC\/MIC value was significantly higher in patients who achieved microbiological cure than in patients who achieved microbiological failure. Monte Carlo simulation using this MIC distribution revealed that the probability that AZM-SR monotherapy would produce an AUC\/MIC exceeding the AUC\/MIC target of 59.5 was 47%. Furthermore, the MIC distribution for strains isolated in this study was mostly consistent with that for strains currently circulating in Japan. In conclusion, in Japan, AZM-SR monotherapy may not be effective against gonococcal urethritis. Therefore, use of a single 2-g dose of AZM-SR either with or without other antibiotics could be an option to treat gonococcal urethritis if patients are allergic to ceftriaxone and spectinomycin or are diagnosed to be infected with an AZM-sensitive strain.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.01409-17","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,17]],"date-time":"2017-10-17T00:55:24Z","timestamp":1508201724000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Evaluation of the Microbiological Efficacy of a Single 2-Gram Dose of Extended-Release Azithromycin by Population Pharmacokinetics and Simulation in Japanese Patients with Gonococcal Urethritis"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"62","author":[{"given":"Midori","family":"Soda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Department of Biomedical Pharmaceutics, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shin","family":"Ito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan"},{"name":"iClinic, Sendai, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naoki","family":"Matsumaru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Regulatory Science, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sakiko","family":"Nakamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Department of Biomedical Pharmaceutics, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Izumi","family":"Nagase","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Department of Biomedical Pharmaceutics, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hikari","family":"Takahashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Department of Biomedical Pharmaceutics, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuta","family":"Ohno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Gifu University Hospital, Gifu, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mitsuru","family":"Yasuda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miho","family":"Yamamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Regulatory Science, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katsura","family":"Tsukamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Regulatory Science, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshinori","family":"Itoh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Gifu University Hospital, Gifu, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takashi","family":"Deguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kiyoyuki","family":"Kitaichi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Department of Biomedical Pharmaceutics, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-148-8-200804150-00005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1746-1561.1994.tb03287.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","first-page":"332","article-title":"Update to CDC's sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines, 2006: fluoroquinolones no longer recommended for treatment of gonococcal infections","volume":"56","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"2007","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2007. Update to CDC's sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines, 2006: fluoroquinolones no longer recommended for treatment of gonococcal infections. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 56:332\u2013336.","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","first-page":"51","article-title":"Sexually transmitted infections treatment guideline 2016","volume":"27","author":"Japanese Society for Sexually Transmitted Infections","year":"2016","unstructured":"Japanese Society for Sexually Transmitted Infections. 2016. Sexually transmitted infections treatment guideline 2016. Jpn J Sex Transm Infect 27(Suppl 1):51\u201356. (In Japanese.)","journal-title":"Jpn J Sex Transm Infect"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00325-11"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2201.150868"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1258\/0956462052932746"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/31.suppl_E.193"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2012-050905"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkn235"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkp188"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007435-199403000-00010"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics3020109"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dku221"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2009.02718.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00003088-200746030-00005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa044284"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/652239"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkq398"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bmc.2896"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2014.07.015"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiac.2016.07.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0000000000000265"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0000000000000279"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cir929"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkp118"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01775-12"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dku118"},{"issue":"03","key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines, 2015","volume":"64","author":"Workowski KA","year":"2015","unstructured":"Workowski KA, Bolan GA, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2015. Sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines, 2015. MMWR Recommend Rep 64(RR-03):1\u2013137.","journal-title":"MMWR Recommend Rep"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0956462412472837"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1258\/ijsa.2011.011267"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00010-14"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","volume-title":"Canadian guidelines on sexually transmitted infections","year":"2013","unstructured":"Public Health Agency of Canada. 2013. Gonococcal infections chapter. In Canadian guidelines on sexually transmitted infections. Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/content\/dam\/phac-aspc\/migration\/phac-aspc\/std-mts\/sti-its\/cgsti-ldcits\/assets\/pdf\/section-5-6-eng.pdf. Accessed 12 September 2017."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciu521"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/civ731"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_2","first-page":"198","article-title":"Single dose (direct observed) azithromycin therapy for Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis in STD clinic attenders with genital discharge in Trinidad and Tobago","volume":"50","author":"Swanston WH","year":"2001","unstructured":"Swanston WH, Prabhakar P, Barrow L, Mahabir BS, Furlonge C. 2001. Single dose (direct observed) azithromycin therapy for Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis in STD clinic attenders with genital discharge in Trinidad and Tobago. West Indian Med J 50:198\u2013202.","journal-title":"West Indian Med J"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_2","volume-title":"M100-S22","author":"Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute","year":"2012","unstructured":"Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. 2012. Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing: twenty-second informational supplement. M100-S22. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, Wayne, PA."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2007.05.016"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2005.08.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ac2006284"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clind\/15.Supplement_1.S123"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00852-06"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.49.12.5013-5017.2005"}],"container-title":["Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/AAC.01409-17","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/AAC.01409-17","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,21]],"date-time":"2022-02-21T21:06:06Z","timestamp":1645477566000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/AAC.01409-17"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/AAC.01409-17"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/aac.01409-17","relation":{},"ISSN":["0066-4804","1098-6596"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0066-4804","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-6596","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2017-07-12","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2017-10-05","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2017-12-21","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e01409-17"}}