{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T16:50:42Z","timestamp":1761929442286},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,3,1]],"date-time":"2010-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1267401600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Agents Chemother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            The control of malaria is challenged by resistance of\n            <jats:italic>Plasmodium falciparum<\/jats:italic>\n            to multiple drugs. New combination regimens are now advocated for the treatment of uncomplicated falciparum malaria, but the extent of resistance to newer agents is incompletely understood. We measured the\n            <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n            sensitivity of\n            <jats:italic>P. falciparum<\/jats:italic>\n            parasites cultured from children enrolled in a drug efficacy trial in Kampala, Uganda, from 2006 to 2008. Sensitivities were measured by comparing levels of histidine-rich protein-2 in parasites incubated with different concentrations of drugs with those in untreated controls. The cultured parasites exhibited a wide range of sensitivities to chloroquine (CQ); monodesethylamodiaquine (MDAQ), the major active metabolite of amodiaquine; and quinine (QN). Mean 50% inhibitory concentration (IC\n            <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n            ) results were above standard cutoffs for resistance for CQ and MDAQ. Parasites were generally sensitive to dihydroartemisinin (DHA), lumefantrine (LM), and piperaquine (PQ). For CQ, MDAQ, and QN but not the other drugs, activities against individual strains were highly correlated. We also assessed known resistance-mediating polymorphisms in two putative transporters,\n            <jats:italic>pfcrt<\/jats:italic>\n            and\n            <jats:italic>pfmdr1<\/jats:italic>\n            . When parasites that were least and most sensitive to each drug were compared, the\n            <jats:italic>pfmdr1<\/jats:italic>\n            86Y mutation was significantly more common in parasites that were most resistant to CQ and MDAQ, and the\n            <jats:italic>pfmdr1<\/jats:italic>\n            D1246Y mutation was significantly more common in parasites that were most resistant to MDAQ and QN. In summary, we demonstrated in parasites from Kampala a range of sensitivities to older drugs; correlation of sensitivities to CQ, MDAQ, and QN; and good activity against nearly all strains for DHA, LM, and PQ.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.01412-09","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,12]],"date-time":"2010-01-12T02:59:16Z","timestamp":1263265156000},"page":"1200-1206","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":73,"title":["<i>In Vitro<\/i>\n            Sensitivities of\n            <i>Plasmodium falciparum<\/i>\n            to Different Antimalarial Drugs in Uganda"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"Samuel L.","family":"Nsobya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Makerere University, Kampala, 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