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We now show that cationic oligomers of \u03b2-amino acids (\u201c\u03b2-peptides\u201d) inhibit HSV-1 infection. Among three cationic \u03b2-peptides tested, the most effective inhibition was observed for the one with a strong propensity to adopt a helical conformation in which cationic and hydrophobic residues are segregated from one another (\u201cglobally amphiphilic helix\u201d). The antiviral effect was not cell type specific. Inhibition of virus infection by the \u03b2-peptides occurred at the postattachment penetration step, with a 50% effective concentration of 3 \u03bcM for the most-effective \u03b2-peptide. The \u03b2-peptides did not inactivate virions in solution, nor did they induce resistance to infection when cells were pretreated with the \u03b2-peptides. The \u03b2-peptides showed little if any toxicity toward Vero cells. These results raise the possibility that cationic \u03b2-peptides may be useful antiviral agents for HSV-1 and demonstrate the potential of \u03b2-peptides as novel antiviral drugs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.01424-07","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,4,8]],"date-time":"2008-04-08T00:34:48Z","timestamp":1207614888000},"page":"2120-2129","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Inhibition of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Infection by Cationic \u03b2-Peptides"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"52","author":[{"given":"Radeekorn","family":"Akkarawongsa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Program in Cell and Molecular Biology"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Terra B.","family":"Potocky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emily P.","family":"English","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Samuel H.","family":"Gellman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Curtis R.","family":"Brandt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Program in Cell and Molecular Biology"},{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin\u2014Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jop.2006.22.279"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.20171"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2309","DOI":"10.1021\/ja983918n","volume":"121","year":"1999","unstructured":"Appella, D. 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