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The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that there were approximately 211 million cases of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">chlamydia<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">gonorrhea<\/jats:italic>\n                      in 2020. Currently, no single drug is effective against both pathogens. Ceftriaxone (CRO) is the only recommended treatment for gonococcal infections but has no activity against\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">C. trachomatis<\/jats:italic>\n                      . Azithromycin (AZM) or doxycycline (DOX) is recommended for\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">C. trachomatis<\/jats:italic>\n                      infections; however,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">N. gonorrhoeae<\/jats:italic>\n                      has developed resistance to both agents. Without new therapeutic options, these infections risk becoming untreatable. Utilizing a drug repurposing approach, we identified epetraborole (EBO) as a potent inhibitor for\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">N. gonorrhoeae<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">C. trachomatis<\/jats:italic>\n                      . EBO is a boron-containing compound currently in clinical trials for the treatment of non-tuberculous mycobacterial infections. EBO demonstrated potent activity against multidrug-resistant\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">N. gonorrhoeae<\/jats:italic>\n                      with MIC ranging from 0.125 to 0.25\u2009\u00b5g\/mL. Additionally, EBO exhibited anti-\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">C<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">trachomatis<\/jats:italic>\n                      activity at concentrations of \u22641 \u00b5g\/mL. Furthermore, EBO was capable of eliminating the intracellular burden of both\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">N. gonorrhoeae<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">C. trachomatis,<\/jats:italic>\n                      surpassing the activity of CRO and AZM. Moreover, unlike CRO and AZM, EBO showed limited activity against the normal vaginal microbiota. Finally, in an\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                      mouse model of CRO-resistant\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">N. gonorrhoeae<\/jats:italic>\n                      genital tract infection, EBO exhibited a 99.95% reduction in bacterial burden after 2 days of treatment. Collectively, our findings highlight EBO as a promising candidate for the treatment of sexually transmitted infections that warrants further investigation.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.01445-25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,5]],"date-time":"2025-12-05T11:03:44Z","timestamp":1764932624000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Repurposing epetraborole to combat\n                    <i>Neisseria gonorrhoeae<\/i>\n                    and\n                    <i>Chlamydia trachomatis<\/i>\n                    infections"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"70","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2902-3551","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdallah S.","family":"Abdelsattar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/010prmy50","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University","place":["Blacksburg, USA"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02smfhw86","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Center for One Health Research, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University","place":["Blacksburg, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Babatomiwa","family":"Kikiowo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/010prmy50","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University","place":["Blacksburg, USA"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02smfhw86","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Center for One Health Research, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University","place":["Blacksburg, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nader S.","family":"Abutaleb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/010prmy50","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University","place":["Blacksburg, USA"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02smfhw86","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Center for One Health Research, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University","place":["Blacksburg, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Autumn S.","family":"Dove","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/010prmy50","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University","place":["Blacksburg, USA"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02smfhw86","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Center for One Health Research, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University","place":["Blacksburg, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0939-0458","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mohamed N.","family":"Seleem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/010prmy50","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University","place":["Blacksburg, USA"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02smfhw86","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Center for One Health Research, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University","place":["Blacksburg, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0049-0172(81)80002-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2011.07.014"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-024-01023-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","unstructured":"Emergence of multi-drug resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae - Threat of global rise in untreatable sexually transmitted infections Fact sheet. 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