{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T12:48:05Z","timestamp":1787662085211,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,3,1]],"date-time":"2010-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1267401600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Agents Chemother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                    is an important pathogen commonly implicated in nosocomial infections. The occurrence of multidrug-resistant (MDR)\n                    <jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                    strains is increasing worldwide and limiting our therapeutic options. The MDR phenotype can be mediated by a variety of resistance mechanisms, and the corresponding relative biofitness is not well established. We examined the prevalence, resistance mechanisms, and susceptibility of MDR\n                    <jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates (resistant to \u22653 classes of antipseudomonal agents [penicillins\/cephalosporins, carbapenems, quinolones, and aminoglycosides]) obtained from a large, university-affiliated hospital. Among 235 nonrepeat bloodstream isolates screened between 2005 and 2007, 33 isolates (from 20 unique patients) were found to be MDR (crude prevalence rate, 14%). All isolates were resistant to carbapenems and quinolones, 91% were resistant to penicillins\/cephalosporins, and 21% were resistant to the aminoglycosides. By using the first available isolate for each bacteremia episode (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 18), 13 distinct clones were revealed by repetitive-element-based PCR. Western blotting revealed eight isolates (44%) to have MexB overexpression. Production of a carbapenemase (VIM-2) was found in one isolate, and mutations in\n                    <jats:italic>gyrA<\/jats:italic>\n                    (T83I) and\n                    <jats:italic>parC<\/jats:italic>\n                    (S87L) were commonly found. Growth rates of most MDR isolates were similar to that of the wild type, and two isolates (11%) were found to be hypermutable. All available isolates were susceptible to polymyxin B, and only one isolate was nonsusceptible to colistin (MIC, 3 mg\/liter), but all isolates were nonsusceptible to doripenem (MIC, &gt;2 mg\/liter). Understanding and continuous monitoring of the prevalence and resistance mechanisms of MDR\n                    <jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                    would enable us to formulate rational treatment strategies to combat nosocomial infections.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.01446-09","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,19]],"date-time":"2010-01-19T23:53:18Z","timestamp":1263945198000},"page":"1160-1164","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":113,"title":["Prevalence, Resistance Mechanisms, and Susceptibility of Multidrug-Resistant Bloodstream Isolates of\n                    <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"Vincent H.","family":"Tam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Houston College of Pharmacy"},{"name":"St. Luke's Episcopal Hospital, Houston, Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kai-Tai","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Houston College of Pharmacy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kamilia","family":"Abdelraouf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Houston College of Pharmacy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristina G.","family":"Brioso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Houston College of Pharmacy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Magdalene","family":"Ameka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Houston College of Pharmacy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laurie A.","family":"McCaskey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"St. Luke's Episcopal Hospital, Houston, Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaye S.","family":"Weston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"St. Luke's Episcopal Hospital, Houston, Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan-Pablo","family":"Caeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"St. Luke's Episcopal Hospital, Houston, Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin W.","family":"Garey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Houston College of Pharmacy"},{"name":"St. Luke's Episcopal Hospital, Houston, Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01351-06"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.45.8.2263-2268.2001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/504477"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.49.6.2276-2282.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","unstructured":"Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing: seventeenth informational supplement. 2007"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0732-8893(02)00499-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/432803"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00503-07"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.49.2.565-570.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkh505"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dki153"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.43.7.1584"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/338782"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.49.8.3538-3540.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.45.1.105-116.2001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.186.5.1258-1269.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.2006\/003400-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.43.1.62"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.48.12.4606-4610.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.48.11.4226-4233.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.44.4.891-897.2000"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/507286"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.182.5.1410-1414.2000"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.45611-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2007.05.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","unstructured":"Antimicrob. 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