{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T16:24:00Z","timestamp":1791390240093,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,1]],"date-time":"2013-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1356998400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Agents Chemother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,1]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n The objective of this study was to evaluate whether\n Candida albicans<\/jats:named-content>\n exhibits altered pathogenicity characteristics following sublethal antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation (APDI) and if such alterations are maintained in the daughter cells.\n C. albicans<\/jats:named-content>\n was exposed to sublethal APDI by using methylene blue (MB) as a photosensitizer (0.05 mM) combined with a GaAlAs diode laser (\u03bb 660 nm, 75 mW\/cm\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n , 9 to 27 J\/cm\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n ).\n In vitro<\/jats:italic>\n , we evaluated APDI effects on\n C. albicans<\/jats:named-content>\n growth, germ tube formation, sensitivity to oxidative and osmotic stress, cell wall integrity, and fluconazole susceptibility.\n In vivo<\/jats:italic>\n , we evaluated\n C. albicans<\/jats:named-content>\n pathogenicity with a mouse model of systemic infection. Animal survival was evaluated daily. Sublethal MB-mediated APDI reduced the growth rate and the ability of\n C. albicans<\/jats:named-content>\n to form germ tubes compared to untreated cells (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.05). Survival of mice systemically infected with\n C. albicans<\/jats:named-content>\n pretreated with APDI was significantly increased compared to mice infected with untreated yeast (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.05). APDI increased\n C. albicans<\/jats:named-content>\n sensitivity to sodium dodecyl sulfate, caffeine, and hydrogen peroxide. The MIC for fluconazole for\n C. albicans<\/jats:named-content>\n was also reduced following sublethal MB-mediated APDI. However, none of those pathogenic parameters was altered in daughter cells of\n C. albicans<\/jats:named-content>\n submitted to APDI. These data suggest that APDI may inhibit virulence factors and reduce\n in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n pathogenicity of\n C. albicans<\/jats:named-content>\n . The absence of alterations in daughter cells indicates that APDI effects are transitory. The MIC reduction for fluconazole following APDI suggests that this antifungal could be combined with APDI to treat\n C. albicans<\/jats:named-content>\n infections.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.01451-12","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,6]],"date-time":"2012-11-06T00:32:19Z","timestamp":1352161939000},"page":"445-451","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":77,"title":["Antimicrobial Photodynamic Inactivation Inhibits Candida albicans Virulence Factors and Reduces\n In Vivo<\/i>\n Pathogenicity"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"Ilka Tiemy","family":"Kato","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Lasers and Applications, IPEN-CNEN\/SP, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renato Araujo","family":"Prates","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Lasers and Applications, 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