{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T02:49:05Z","timestamp":1793155745816,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,4]],"date-time":"2026-02-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770163200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,4]],"date-time":"2026-02-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770163200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006492","name":"Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AI129649"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AI129649"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006492","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006492","name":"Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R21AI179228"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R21AI179228"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006492","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Agents Chemother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title\/>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      To address limitations in tuberculosis (TB) therapy, we developed an inhalable, immunomodulating, biocompatible nanoparticle system (\u03b2-C-P) encapsulating rifampin that targets alveolar macrophage. The nanoparticle consists of a poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) core, a chitosan coating, and a surface functionalized with 1,3-\u03b2-glucan for enhanced macrophage uptake and immunomodulation. We evaluated the safety, immunological effects, and efficacy of rifampin-loaded \u03b2-C-P nanoparticles delivered via oropharyngeal aspiration (OPA) in healthy mice and in a low-dose\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) BALB\/c model treated weekly for 4 weeks, as well as in a low-dose\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Mtb<\/jats:italic>\n                      C3HeB\/FeJ model treated weekly for 8 weeks. In healthy mice, cell pellets isolated by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) showed higher pulmonary exposure (AUC) of rifampin with 20% \u03b2-C-P nanoparticles versus 5% \u03b2-C-P nanoparticles, while no rifampin was detected in the oral rifampin group. Flow cytometry revealed no significant changes in lung immune cell populations except for a transient neutrophil increase at day 21 in the 5% \u03b2-C-P group. In the\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Mtb<\/jats:italic>\n                      BALB\/c mouse model, weekly OPA administration of 5%, 10%, and 20% \u03b2-C-P nanoparticles significantly reduced lung CFU by 0.5\u20131.11 log\n                      <jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>\n                      , comparable to daily oral rifampin. In the\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Mtb<\/jats:italic>\n                      C3HeB\/FeJ (Kramnik) mouse model, weekly OPA administration of 10% and 20% \u03b2-C-P nanoparticles significantly reduced lung CFU, comparable to daily oral rifampin. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that weekly pulmonary nanoparticle delivery of rifampin-loaded \u03b2-C-P nanoparticles achieves sustained rifampin exposure and therapeutic efficacy comparable to daily dosing, without pulmonary toxicity or systemic immune activation. This supports the potential of long-acting inhalable formulations for simplified TB therapy.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.01480-25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]],"date-time":"2026-01-14T14:00:23Z","timestamp":1768399223000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Repeated pulmonary dosing of \u03b2-glucan-chitosan-PLGA nanoparticles controls\n                    <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/i>\n                    in mice"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"70","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4779-2132","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hilliard L.","family":"Kutscher","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology Department of Medicine, Clinical and Translational Research Center, The State University of New York at Buffalo","place":["Buffalo, USA"]},{"name":"Institute for Lasers, Photonics and Biophotonics, The State University of New York at Buffalo","place":["Buffalo, USA"]},{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, The State University of New York at Buffalo","place":["Buffalo, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Tamblin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology Department of Medicine, Clinical and Translational Research Center, The State University of New York at Buffalo","place":["Buffalo, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Evon","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology Department of Medicine, Clinical and Translational Research Center, The State University of New York at Buffalo","place":["Buffalo, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arnav","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology Department of Medicine, Clinical and Translational Research Center, The State University of New York at Buffalo","place":["Buffalo, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0410-5224","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patrick O.","family":"Kenney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Adult and Pediatric Infectious Disease, The State University of New York at Buffalo","place":["Buffalo, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5188-6786","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jessica L.","family":"Reynolds","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology Department of Medicine, Clinical and Translational Research Center, The State University of New York at Buffalo","place":["Buffalo, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","unstructured":"World Health Organization. 2024. 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