{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]],"date-time":"2026-05-18T14:32:17Z","timestamp":1779114737762,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,1]],"date-time":"2011-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1312156800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Agents Chemother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:italic>Yersinia pestis<\/jats:italic>\n            initiates infection as a facultative intracellular parasite in host macrophages; however, little is known about the efficacy of antibiotics commonly used to treat human plague against intracellular\n            <jats:italic>Y. pestis<\/jats:italic>\n            . Intracellular minimal bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) were determined using a high-throughput broth microdilution assay in which human THP-1 macrophage-like cells were infected with\n            <jats:italic>Y. pestis<\/jats:italic>\n            strain KIM6-2053.1+ and exposed to 2-fold serial dilutions of antibiotics for 24 h in 96-well plates. The numbers of CFU, upon which minimal bactericidal concentrations were based, were determined by counting \u201cmicrocolonies\u201d in wells of 96-well plates following lysis of tissue culture cells to release surviving\n            <jats:italic>Y. pestis<\/jats:italic>\n            , replica dilution, and plating in soft tryptic soy broth agar. For THP-1 cells, streptomycin and ciprofloxacin had comparable efficacies for intra- and extracellular\n            <jats:italic>Y. pestis<\/jats:italic>\n            , but the MBCs for chloramphenicol, gentamicin, doxycycline, and amoxicillin were two-, three-, four-, and five 2-fold serial dilutions greater, respectively, for intracellular than for extracellular\n            <jats:italic>Y. pestis<\/jats:italic>\n            . During the initial stage of plague, intracellular\n            <jats:italic>Y. pestis<\/jats:italic>\n            may be less susceptible to antibiotic killing by particular antibiotics recommended for treatment of plague, such as gentamicin or doxycycline, whereas others, such as streptomycin and ciprofloxacin, may have similar efficacies against extracellular or intracellular\n            <jats:italic>Y. pestis<\/jats:italic>\n            . This may be of particular importance in the selection of antibiotics for prophylactic treatment in the case of a bioterrorism event.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.01481-10","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,1]],"date-time":"2011-06-01T03:44:58Z","timestamp":1306899898000},"page":"3752-3757","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["<i>In Vitro<\/i>\n            Efficacy of Antibiotics Commonly Used To Treat Human Plague against Intracellular\n            <i>Yersinia pestis<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"Jered M.","family":"Wendte","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Duraisamy","family":"Ponnusamy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Deanna","family":"Reiber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Present address: Veterinary Corps, U.S. Army, Belgium Branch, Northern Europe District Veterinary Command Unit 21419, APO AE 09708."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey L.","family":"Blair","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Present address: Merial Ltd., 6498 Jade Rd., Fulton, MO 65251."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kenneth D.","family":"Clinkenbeard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.17.2.434-464.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.65.5.1659-1668.1997"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","first-page":"E5","article-title":"Bichat guidelines for the clinical management of plague and bioterrorism-related plague","volume":"9","author":"Bossi P.","year":"2004","unstructured":"BossiP. . 2004. Bichat guidelines for the clinical management of plague and bioterrorism-related plague. Euro Surveill. 9:E5\u2013E6.","journal-title":"Euro Surveill"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/381545"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.41.5.1869-1874.2003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.42.3.675"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","first-page":"242","article-title":"Human plague\u2014United States, 1993-1994","volume":"43","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"1994","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 1994. Human plague\u2014United States, 1993-1994. MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. 43:242\u2013246.","journal-title":"MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","volume-title":"CLSI document M100-S16","author":"Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute","year":"2006","unstructured":"Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. 2006. 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