{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T16:54:25Z","timestamp":1790614465170,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":88,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,20]],"date-time":"2019-12-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1576800000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"HHS | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AI106699"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AI106699"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"HHS | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AI116933"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AI116933"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"HHS | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AI121684"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AI121684"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Agents Chemother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,20]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Clostridioides difficile<\/jats:named-content>\n            causes severe antibiotic-associated diarrhea and colitis.\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">C. difficile<\/jats:named-content>\n            is an anaerobic, Gram-positive sporeformer that is highly resistant to \u03b2-lactams, the most commonly prescribed antibiotics. The resistance of\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">C. difficile<\/jats:named-content>\n            to \u03b2-lactam antibiotics allows the pathogen to replicate and cause disease in antibiotic-treated patients. However, the mechanisms of \u03b2-lactam resistance in\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">C. difficile<\/jats:named-content>\n            are not fully understood.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.01496-19","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,10]],"date-time":"2019-10-10T13:07:55Z","timestamp":1570712875000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Regulation and Anaerobic Function of the\n            <i>Clostridioides difficile<\/i>\n            \u03b2-Lactamase"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"64","author":[{"given":"Brindar K.","family":"Sandhu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory Antibiotic Resistance Center, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adrianne N.","family":"Edwards","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory Antibiotic Resistance Center, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah E.","family":"Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory Antibiotic Resistance Center, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily C.","family":"Woods","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory Antibiotic Resistance Center, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6221-714X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shonna M.","family":"McBride","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory Antibiotic Resistance Center, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.1935.01970020105010"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(78)90457-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(78)93001-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1408913"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cis335"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/16.supplement_4.s214"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.34.2.626-628.1981"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2049936115622891"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2011.08.014"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2013.59"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.28.6.842"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.36.9.2009"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/civ076"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.125.3238.99"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","volume-title":"Goodman & Gilman\u2019s: the pharmacological basis of therapeutics","author":"Petri WA","year":"2015","unstructured":"Petri WA. 2015. Penicillins, cephalosporins, and other \u03b2-lactam antibiotics. In Brunton LL, Chabner BA, Knollmann BC (ed), Goodman & Gilman\u2019s: the pharmacological basis of therapeutics, 12th ed. McGraw-Hill Education, New York, NY.","edition":"12"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.54.4.1133"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.bi.52.070183.004141"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1078\/1438-4221-00198"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.73.6.1816"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/25.4.513"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.48.8.3028-3032.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1389201023378454"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2004.00763.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/2.2.115"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/45.1.9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nchembio.2083"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-23656-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a025221"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)34749-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI111042"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/bi00289a007"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_2","volume-title":"Gram-positive pathogens","author":"Fischetti VA","year":"2000","unstructured":"Fischetti VA, Novick RP, Ferretti JJ, Portnoy DA, Rood JJ. 2000. Gram-positive pathogens. American Society for Microbiology, Washington, DC."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nchembio.1950"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00221287-15-1-154"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00221287-21-1-124"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.78.6.3511"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/bi00289a006"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00221287-135-4-1001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.01803-18"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10156-013-0640-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng1830"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.030452-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.040568-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep15023"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/54.1.61"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2015.01.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.045997-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2018.06.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1007153"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00207-16"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jcim.6b00484"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587-019-0036-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.172.2.1137-1141.1990"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.37.5.1144"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1055144"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M300611200"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/15.15.6049"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.1997.4051770.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2008.06583.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1110\/ps.073252408"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/bj1390789"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(75)90185-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.10.1.106"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00221287-127-1-113"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/12.Supplement_2.S231"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/33.1.33"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkm256"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11274-008-9795-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-28843-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_71_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.02444-15"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_72_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.74.4.461-476.1957"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_73_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3791\/50787"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_74_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00019-11"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_75_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00249-12"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_76_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2007.05906.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_77_2","first-page":"Unit 9A2","article-title":"Genetic manipulation of Clostridium difficile","volume":"9","author":"Bouillaut L","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bouillaut L, McBride SM, Sorg JA. 2011. Genetic manipulation of Clostridium difficile. Curr Protoc Microbiol Chapter 9:Unit 9A2.","journal-title":"Curr Protoc Microbiol"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_78_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt0602-619"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_79_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.02323-14"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_80_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00731-10"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_81_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2008.73"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_82_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-2836(75)90350-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_83_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/mmi.13361"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_84_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ja506798e"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_85_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00275-15"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_86_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.23.5.784"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_87_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.45790-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_88_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0914322107"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_89_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.mi.41.100187.000453"}],"container-title":["Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/AAC.01496-19","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/AAC.01496-19","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,21]],"date-time":"2022-02-21T21:41:48Z","timestamp":1645479708000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/AAC.01496-19"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,20]]},"references-count":88,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,20]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/AAC.01496-19"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/aac.01496-19","relation":{},"ISSN":["0066-4804","1098-6596"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0066-4804","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-6596","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2019-07-25","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-10-07","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-12-20","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e01496-19"}}