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However, the pharmacokinetics (PK) of phage have been difficult to characterize due to a lack of standardized protocols for phage purification, labeling, and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                      quantification. Here, we present robust methods for ultrapure phage preparation, as well as non-destructive, highly stable attachment of radio-iodide to phage using a well-described Sulfo-SHPP linker. We purified and radiolabeled the phage strains, PAML-31-1, OMKO1, and Luz24, lytic to drug-resistant\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Pseudomonas aeruginosa,<\/jats:italic>\n                      for biodistribution assay in normal young adult CD-1 mice injected via intravenous injection. Groups of five mice were euthanized, and tissues\/organs were removed for weighing and scintillation well counting of\n                      <jats:sup>125<\/jats:sup>\n                      I activity. A physiologically based PK model was then constructed, focusing on compartments describing blood, lung, muscle, bone, liver, stomach, spleen, small intestines, large intestines, and kidney. Tissue partition coefficients (K\n                      <jats:sub>P<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) were estimated for high-perfusion organs (lung and kidney) as 0.000138, GI organs (liver, spleen, and stomach) as 0.627, and all other organs as 0.220. Monte Carlo simulations predicted rapid elimination of phage in humans, with blood concentrations being &lt;10\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      PFU\/mL by 12 h, whereas simulated multi-dose regimens and continuous infusion regimens were predicted to have sustained concentrations. Our physiologically based PK model of phage represents the first rigorous preclinical assessment of phage PK utilizing contemporary pharmacometric approaches amenable to both preclinical and clinical study design.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.01506-25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,5]],"date-time":"2025-12-05T11:03:44Z","timestamp":1764932624000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Whole-body distribution of three\n                    <i>Pseudomonas<\/i>\n                    phages characterized by a translational physiologically based pharmacokinetic model"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"70","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-6963-9780","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arne","family":"Echterhof","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine","place":["Stanford, USA"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01856cw59","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital of Muenster","place":["Muenster, Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5305-9968","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Tejas","family":"Dharmaraj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine","place":["Stanford, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-1785-9392","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Patrick","family":"Blankenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine","place":["Stanford, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bobby","family":"Targ","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine","place":["Stanford, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-1069-1720","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Thomas D.","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01y64my43","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Division of Clinical and Translational Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo","place":["Buffalo, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2499-9448","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paul L.","family":"Bollyky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine","place":["Stanford, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0212-2787","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Nicholas M.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01y64my43","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Division of Clinical and Translational Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo","place":["Buffalo, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6511-8849","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Francis G.","family":"Blankenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05a25vm86","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Division of Pediatric Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, Lucile Packard Children\u2019s Hospital","place":["Stanford, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","unstructured":"O\u2019neill J. 2014. 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