{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T04:04:59Z","timestamp":1775793899256,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,5,1]],"date-time":"2010-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1272672000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Agents Chemother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Burkholderia pseudomallei<\/jats:italic>is a soil bacterium that is endemic in southeast Asia and northern Australia and that can cause both acutely lethal pneumonia and chronic systemic infections in humans. The effective treatment of infection with<jats:italic>B. pseudomallei<\/jats:italic>requires rapid diagnosis and prolonged treatment with high doses of antimicrobials, and even with appropriate antibiotic therapy, patient relapses are common. Thus, new approaches to the treatment of<jats:italic>B. pseudomallei<\/jats:italic>infections are needed. In the present study, we asked whether active immunotherapy with gamma interferon (IFN-\u03b3), a key cytokine regulating the intracellular replication of<jats:italic>B. pseudomallei<\/jats:italic>, could increase the effectiveness of conventional antimicrobial therapy for<jats:italic>B. pseudomallei<\/jats:italic>infection. Macrophage infection assays and<jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>pulmonary challenge models were used to assess the inhibitory effects of combined treatment with IFN-\u03b3 and ceftazidime on<jats:italic>B. pseudomallei<\/jats:italic>infection. We found that treatment with even very low doses of IFN-\u03b3 and ceftazidime elicited strong synergistic inhibition of<jats:italic>B. pseudomallei<\/jats:italic>growth within infected macrophages.<jats:italic>In vivo<\/jats:italic>, active immunotherapy markedly potentiated the effectiveness of low-dose ceftazidime therapy for the treatment of infected mice in a pulmonary challenge model of<jats:italic>B. pseudomallei<\/jats:italic>. Combined treatment was associated with a significant reduction in the bacterial burden and a significant lessening of bacterial dissemination. We concluded, therefore, that immunotherapy with either endogenous or exogenous IFN-\u03b3 could significantly increase the effectiveness of conventional antimicrobial therapy for the treatment of acute<jats:italic>B. pseudomallei<\/jats:italic>infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.01513-09","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,2,23]],"date-time":"2010-02-23T03:24:40Z","timestamp":1266895480000},"page":"1785-1792","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Immunotherapy Markedly Increases the Effectiveness of Antimicrobial Therapy for Treatment of<i>Burkholderia pseudomallei<\/i>Infection"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"Katie L.","family":"Propst","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Rocky Mountain Regional Center of Excellence for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Disease Research, Colorado State University, Ft. 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