{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,10]],"date-time":"2026-01-10T00:51:00Z","timestamp":1768006260533,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,1]],"date-time":"2009-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1249084800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Agents Chemother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            In most gram-negative bacteria, acquired multiresistance is conferred by large plasmids compiling numerous antimicrobial resistance genes. Here, we show an evolutionary alternative strategy used by\n            <jats:italic>Pasteurella multocida<\/jats:italic>\n            to become resistant to multiple clinically relevant antibiotics. Thirteen \u03b2-lactam-resistant clinical isolates, concomitantly resistant to tetracyclines and\/or streptomycin as well as to sulfonamides, were studied. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis revealed different profiles among the isolates, showing that clonal dissemination was not the sole event responsible for the spread of multiresistance. Each\n            <jats:italic>P. multocida<\/jats:italic>\n            strain carried two or three small plasmids between 4 and 6 kb in size. A direct association between resistance profile and plasmid content was found. Complete nucleotide sequencing of all plasmids revealed seven different replicons, six of them belonging to the ColE1 superfamily. All plasmids carried one, or a maximum of two, antimicrobial resistance determinants. Plasmids pB1000 and pB1002 bore\n            <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n            <jats:sub>ROB-1<\/jats:sub>\n            , pB1001 carried\n            <jats:italic>tet<\/jats:italic>\n            (B), pB1003 and pB1005 carried\n            <jats:italic>sul2<\/jats:italic>\n            and\n            <jats:italic>strA<\/jats:italic>\n            , pB1006 harbored\n            <jats:italic>tet<\/jats:italic>\n            (O), and p9956 bore the\n            <jats:italic>tet<\/jats:italic>\n            (H) gene. All plasmids except pB1002 and pB1006 were successfully transformed into\n            <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n            . pB1000, also involved in \u03b2-lactam resistance in\n            <jats:italic>Haemophilus parasuis<\/jats:italic>\n            (A. San Millan et al., Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 51:2260-2264, 2007), was mobilized in\n            <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n            using the conjugation machinery of an IncP plasmid. Stability experiments proved that pB1000 was stable in\n            <jats:italic>P. multocida<\/jats:italic>\n            but highly unstable in\n            <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n            . In conclusion,\n            <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n            <jats:sub>ROB-1<\/jats:sub>\n            is responsible for \u03b2-lactam resistance in\n            <jats:italic>P. multocida<\/jats:italic>\n            in Spain. Coexistence and the spread of small plasmids are used by\n            <jats:italic>P. multocida<\/jats:italic>\n            to become multiresistant.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.01522-08","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,16]],"date-time":"2009-06-16T01:12:24Z","timestamp":1245114744000},"page":"3399-3404","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":98,"title":["Multiresistance in\n            <i>Pasteurella multocida<\/i>\n            Is Mediated by Coexistence of Small Plasmids"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"Alvaro","family":"San Millan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jose Antonio","family":"Escudero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Belen","family":"Gutierrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Hidalgo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nerea","family":"Garcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Vigilancia Sanitaria Veterinaria (VISAVET), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Montserrat","family":"Llagostera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departament de Gene\u0300tica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Auto\u0300noma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Valle\u0300s (Bellaterra), Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), UAB-IRTA, Campus de la Universitat Auto\u0300noma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lucas","family":"Dominguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Vigilancia Sanitaria Veterinaria (VISAVET), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bruno","family":"Gonzalez-Zorn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Vigilancia Sanitaria Veterinaria (VISAVET), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.44.1.210-212.2000"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/abio.1995.1220"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"864","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkm293","volume":"60","year":"2007","unstructured":"Blanco, M., K. 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