{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T10:58:34Z","timestamp":1791284314690,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,4,1]],"date-time":"2007-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1175385600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Agents Chemother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Schistosomiasis is a parasitic disease that remains of considerable public health significance in tropical and subtropical environments. Since the mainstay of schistosomiasis control is chemotherapy with a single drug, praziquantel, drug resistance is a concern. Here, we present new data on the antischistosomal properties of representative synthetic 1,2,4-trioxolanes (OZs). Exposure of adult\n            <jats:italic>Schistosoma mansoni<\/jats:italic>\n            for 24 h to a medium containing 20 \u03bcg\/ml OZ209 reduced worm motor activity, induced tegumental alterations, and killed worms within 72 h. While exposure of\n            <jats:italic>S. mansoni<\/jats:italic>\n            to OZ78 had no apparent effect, addition of hemin reduced worm motor activity and caused tegumental damage. Administration of single 200-mg\/kg of body weight oral doses of OZ78, OZ209, and OZ288 to mice harboring a juvenile\n            <jats:italic>S. mansoni<\/jats:italic>\n            infection resulted in worm burden reductions of 82.0 to 95.4%. In the adult infection model in mice, single 400-mg\/kg doses of these compounds resulted in a maximum total worm burden reduction of 52.2%. High worm burden reductions (71.7 to 86.5%) were observed after administration of single 200-mg\/kg doses of OZ78 and OZ288 to hamsters infected with either juvenile or adult\n            <jats:italic>S. mansoni<\/jats:italic>\n            . A single 200-mg\/kg dose of OZ78 to hamsters infected with adult\n            <jats:italic>Schistosoma japonicum<\/jats:italic>\n            resulted in total and female worm burden reductions of 94.2 to 100%. Our results, along with the low toxicity, metabolic stability, and good pharmacokinetic properties of the OZs, indicate the potential for the development of novel broad-spectrum antischistosomal OZ drug candidates.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.01537-06","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,6]],"date-time":"2007-02-06T01:36:47Z","timestamp":1170725807000},"page":"1440-1445","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":158,"title":["In Vitro and In Vivo Activities of Synthetic Trioxolanes against Major Human Schistosome Species"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"Shu-Hua","family":"Xiao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Keiser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swiss Tropical Institute, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacques","family":"Chollet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swiss Tropical Institute, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ju\u0308rg","family":"Utzinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swiss Tropical Institute, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuxiang","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Nebraska 68198-6025"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yvette","family":"Endriss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swiss Tropical Institute, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan L.","family":"Vennerstrom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Nebraska 68198-6025"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcel","family":"Tanner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swiss Tropical Institute, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.qco.0000186848.46417.6c"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-4758(97)01207-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-002-0751-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jm049040u"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1358\/dof.2006.031.05.984953"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-308X(05)61013-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2003.09.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.qco.0000247591.13671.6a"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)69440-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2003.11.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/156802606776743129"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0030102"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.50.2.803-805.2006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkl408"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","unstructured":"J. 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Tanner, and J. Keiser. 2007. Artemisinins for schistosomiasis and beyond. Curr. Opin. Investig. Drugs8:105-116.","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Investig. Drugs"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature02779"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","first-page":"1","volume":"912","year":"2002","unstructured":"World Health Organization. 2002. Prevention and control of schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthiasis: report of a WHO expert committee. WHO Tech. Rep.912:1-57.","journal-title":"WHO Tech. Rep."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-4758(99)01601-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0035-9203(01)90336-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0001-706X(02)00009-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-002-0786-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","first-page":"759","volume":"100","year":"1987","unstructured":"Xiao, S. H., W. J. Yue, Y. Q. Yang, and J. Q. You. 1987. Susceptibility of Schistosoma japonicum to different developmental stages to praziquantel. Chin. Med. J.100:759-768.","journal-title":"Chin. Med. 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