{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T22:06:06Z","timestamp":1792533966514,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,4,1]],"date-time":"2008-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1207008000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Agents Chemother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Between 1 September 2005 and 30 June 2006, 19 medical centers collected 4,180 isolates recovered from clinical specimens from patients in intensive care units (ICUs) in Canada. The 4,180 isolates were collected from 2,292 respiratory specimens (54.8%), 738 blood specimens (17.7%), 581 wound\/tissue specimens (13.9%), and 569 urinary specimens (13.6%). The 10 most common organisms isolated from 79.5% of all clinical specimens were methicillin-susceptible\n            <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n            (MSSA) (16.4%),\n            <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n            (12.8%),\n            <jats:italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n            (10.0%),\n            <jats:italic>Haemophilus influenzae<\/jats:italic>\n            (7.9%), coagulase-negative staphylococci\/\n            <jats:italic>Staphylococcus epidermidis<\/jats:italic>\n            (6.5%),\n            <jats:italic>Enterococcus<\/jats:italic>\n            spp. (6.1%),\n            <jats:italic>Streptococcus pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n            (5.8%),\n            <jats:italic>Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n            (5.8%), methicillin-resistant\n            <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n            (MRSA) (4.7%), and\n            <jats:italic>Enterobacter cloacae<\/jats:italic>\n            (3.9%). MRSA made up 22.3% (197\/884) of all\n            <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n            isolates (90.9% of MRSA were health care-associated MRSA, and 9.1% were community-associated MRSA), while vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) made up 6.7% (11\/255) of all enterococcal isolates (88.2% of VRE had the\n            <jats:italic>vanA<\/jats:italic>\n            genotype). Extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamase (ESBL)-producing\n            <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n            and\n            <jats:italic>K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n            occurred in 3.5% (19\/536) and 1.8% (4\/224) of isolates, respectively. All 19 ESBL-producing\n            <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n            isolates were PCR positive for CTX-M, with\n            <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n            <jats:sub>CTX-M-15<\/jats:sub>\n            occurring in 74% (14\/19) of isolates. For MRSA, no resistance against daptomycin, linezolid, tigecycline, and vancomycin was observed, while the resistance rates to other agents were as follows: clarithromycin, 89.9%; clindamycin, 76.1%; fluoroquinolones, 90.1 to 91.8%; and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, 11.7%. For\n            <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n            , no resistance to amikacin, meropenem, and tigecycline was observed, while resistance rates to other agents were as follows: cefazolin, 20.1%; cefepime, 0.7%; ceftriaxone, 3.7%; gentamicin, 3.0%; fluoroquinolones, 21.1%; piperacillin-tazobactam, 1.9%; and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, 24.8%. Resistance rates for\n            <jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n            were as follows: amikacin, 2.6%; cefepime, 10.2%; gentamicin, 15.2%; fluoroquinolones, 23.8 to 25.5%; meropenem, 13.6%; and piperacillin-tazobactam, 9.3%. A multidrug-resistant (MDR) phenotype (resistance to three or more of the following drugs: cefepime, piperacillin-tazobactam, meropenem, amikacin or gentamicin, and ciprofloxacin) occurred frequently in\n            <jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n            (12.6%) but uncommonly in\n            <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n            (0.2%),\n            <jats:italic>E. cloacae<\/jats:italic>\n            (0.6%), or\n            <jats:italic>K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n            (0%). In conclusion,\n            <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n            (MSSA and MRSA),\n            <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n            ,\n            <jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n            ,\n            <jats:italic>H. influenzae<\/jats:italic>\n            ,\n            <jats:italic>Enterococcus<\/jats:italic>\n            spp.,\n            <jats:italic>S. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n            , and\n            <jats:italic>K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n            are the most common isolates recovered from clinical specimens in Canadian ICUs. A MDR phenotype is common for\n            <jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n            isolates in Canadian ICUs.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.01538-07","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,2,20]],"date-time":"2008-02-20T04:25:25Z","timestamp":1203481525000},"page":"1430-1437","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":186,"title":["Antimicrobial-Resistant Pathogens in Intensive Care Units in Canada: Results of the Canadian National Intensive Care Unit (CAN-ICU) Study, 2005-2006"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"52","author":[{"given":"George G.","family":"Zhanel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba"},{"name":"Departments of Medicine"},{"name":"Clinical Microbiology, Health Sciences Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, 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