{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]],"date-time":"2025-10-23T16:50:32Z","timestamp":1761238232125},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,1]],"date-time":"2015-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1448928000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Agents Chemother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Left untreated, inhalation anthrax is usually fatal. Vegetative forms of\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Bacillus anthracis<\/jats:named-content>\n            survive in blood and tissues during infection due to elaboration of a protective poly-\u03b3-\n            <jats:sc>d<\/jats:sc>\n            -glutamic acid (PDGA) capsule that permits uncontrolled bacterial growth\n            <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n            , eventually leading to overwhelming bacillosis and death. As a measure to counter threats from multidrug-resistant strains, we are evaluating the prophylactic and therapeutic potential of the PDGA depolymerase EnvD, a stable and potent enzyme which rapidly and selectively removes the capsule from the surface of vegetative cells. Repeated intravenous administration of 10 mg\/kg recombinant EnvD (rEnvD) to mice infected with lethal doses of\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">B. anthracis<\/jats:named-content>\n            Ames spores by inhalation prevented the emergence of symptoms of anthrax and death; all animals survived the 5-day treatment period, and 70% survived to the end of the 14-day observation period. In contrast to results in sham-treated animals, the lungs and spleen of rEnvD-dosed animals were free of gross pathological changes. We conclude that rEnvD has potential as an agent to prevent the emergence of inhalation anthrax in infected animals and is likely to be effective against drug-resistant forms of the pathogen.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.01547-15","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,6]],"date-time":"2015-10-06T02:28:33Z","timestamp":1444098513000},"page":"7687-7692","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Parenteral Administration of Capsule Depolymerase EnvD Prevents Lethal Inhalation Anthrax Infection"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"David","family":"Negus","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julia","family":"Vipond","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury, United Kindgom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Graham J.","family":"Hatch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury, United Kindgom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emma L.","family":"Rayner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury, United Kindgom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter W.","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4159\/harvard.9780674065260"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.287.17.2236"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7973702"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.micro.55.1.647"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/115.5.481"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1409755"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.42.8.3626-3634.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0089112"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.48.5.1503-1508.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dki177"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.emboj.7600495"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/mmi.12523"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","first-page":"175","article-title":"Efficacy testing of orally administered antibiotics against an inhalational Bacillus anthracis infection in BALB\/c mice","volume":"2","author":"Hatch GJ","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hatch GJ, Bate SR, Crook A, Jones N, Funnell SG, Vipond J. 2014. Efficacy testing of orally administered antibiotics against an inhalational Bacillus anthracis infection in BALB\/c mice. J Infect Dis Ther 2:175.","journal-title":"J Infect Dis Ther"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/genomeA.00057-12"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","volume-title":"Applied biopharmaceutics and pharmacokinetics","author":"Shargel L","year":"1993","unstructured":"Shargel L, Yu ABC. 1993. Applied biopharmaceutics and pharmacokinetics, 3rd ed. Appleton and Lange, Norwalk, CT.","edition":"3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","first-page":"43","volume-title":"Antibiotic resistance: causes and risk factors, mechanisms and alternatives","author":"Taylor PW","year":"2009","unstructured":"Taylor PW, Bernal P, Zelmer A. 2009. Modification of the bacterial phenotype as an approach to counter the emergence of multidrug-resistant pathogens, p 43\u201378. In Bonilla AR, Muniz KP (ed), Antibiotic resistance: causes and risk factors, mechanisms and alternatives. 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