{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T18:48:23Z","timestamp":1790966903939,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,7,1]],"date-time":"2010-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1277942400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Agents Chemother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    A nationwide multicenter susceptibility surveillance study (Susceptibility to the Antimicrobials Used in the Community in Espan\u0303a [SAUCE] project), SAUCE-4, including 2,559\n                    <jats:italic>Streptococcus pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                    , 2,287\n                    <jats:italic>Streptococcus pyogenes<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and 2,736\n                    <jats:italic>Haemophilus influenzae<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates was carried out from May 2006 to June 2007 in 34 Spanish hospitals. Then, the results from SAUCE-4 were compared to those from all three previous SAUCE studies carried out in 1996-1997, 1998-1999, and 2001-2002 to assess the temporal trends in resistance and the phenotypes of resistance over the 11-year period. In SAUCE-4, on the basis of the CLSI breakpoints, penicillin (parenteral, nonmeningitis breakpoint) and cefotaxime were the antimicrobials that were the most active against\n                    <jats:italic>S. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                    (99.8% and 99.6%, respectively). Only 0.9% of isolates had a penicillin MIC of \u22652 \u03bcg\/ml. In\n                    <jats:italic>S. pyogenes<\/jats:italic>\n                    , nonsusceptibility to erythromycin was observed in 19.4% of isolates. Among the\n                    <jats:italic>H. influenzae<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates, a \u03b2-lactamase-positive prevalence of 15.7% was found. A statistically significant temporal decreasing trend over the 11-year period was observed for nonsusceptibility (from 60.0% to 22.9%) and resistance (from 36.5% to 0.9%) to penicillin and for the proportion of erythromycin-resistant isolates of\n                    <jats:italic>S. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                    of the macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B (MLS\n                    <jats:sub>B<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) phenotype (from 98.4% to 81.3%). A similar trend was observed for the prevalence of ampicillin resistance (from 37.6% to 16.1%), \u03b2-lactamase production (from 25.7% to 15.7%), and \u03b2-lactamase-negative ampicillin resistance (BLNAR) in\n                    <jats:italic>H. influenzae<\/jats:italic>\n                    (from 13.5% to 0.7%). Among erythromycin-resistant isolates of\n                    <jats:italic>S. pyogenes<\/jats:italic>\n                    , a significant increasing trend in the prevalence of MLS\n                    <jats:sub>B<\/jats:sub>\n                    was observed (from 7.0% to 35.5%). SAUCE-4 confirms a generalized decline in the resistance of the main respiratory pathogens to the antimicrobials as well as a shift in their resistance phenotypes.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.01548-09","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,5,3]],"date-time":"2010-05-03T21:57:40Z","timestamp":1272923860000},"page":"2953-2959","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":78,"title":["Antimicrobial Resistance among Respiratory Pathogens in Spain: Latest Data and Changes over 11 Years (1996-1997 to 2006-2007)"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"Emilio","family":"Pe\u0301rez-Trallero","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and CIBERES, Hospital Donostia, San Sebastia\u0301n, Gipuzkoa, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jose E.","family":"Marti\u0301n-Herrero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Department, GlaxoSmithKline S.A., Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Mazo\u0301n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Centro San Martin, Pamplona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Celia","family":"Garci\u0301a-Delafuente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Hospital Marque\u0301s de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Purificacio\u0301n","family":"Robles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Hospital General Universitario, Albacete, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victor","family":"Iriarte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Department, GlaxoSmithKline S.A., Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rafael","family":"Dal-Re\u0301","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Department, GlaxoSmithKline S.A., Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Garci\u0301a-de-Lomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Hospital Universitario, School of Medicine and Valencian Institute for Microbiology, Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","first-page":"1","volume":"130","year":"2004","unstructured":"Anon, J. 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