{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]],"date-time":"2026-10-11T02:32:15Z","timestamp":1791685935782,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,18]],"date-time":"2022-01-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1642464000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,18]],"date-time":"2022-01-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1642464000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000865","name":"Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["OPP1160955"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OPP1160955"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000865","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000865","name":"Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["OPP1107194"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OPP1107194"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000865","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000865","name":"Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["OPP1156296"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OPP1156296"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000865","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000865","name":"Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["OPP1172544"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OPP1172544"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000865","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Agents Chemother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,18]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            Infection with\n            <jats:italic>Cryptosporidium<\/jats:italic>\n            spp. can cause severe diarrhea, leading to long-term adverse impacts and even death in malnourished children and immunocompromised patients. The only FDA-approved drug for treating cryptosporidiosis, nitazoxanide, has limited efficacy in the populations impacted the most by the diarrheal disease, and safe, effective treatment options are urgently needed.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.01560-21","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,8]],"date-time":"2021-11-08T18:25:19Z","timestamp":1636395919000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Clofazimine for Treatment of Cryptosporidiosis"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"66","author":[{"given":"Cindy X.","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melissa S.","family":"Love","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Calibr, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Case W.","family":"McNamara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Calibr, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victor","family":"Chi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Calibr, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashley K.","family":"Woods","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Calibr, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sean","family":"Joseph","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Calibr, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deborah A.","family":"Schaefer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dana P.","family":"Betzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael W.","family":"Riggs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pui-Ying","family":"Iroh Tam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Malawi-Liverpool Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, Blantyre, Malawi"},{"name":"Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6141-2015","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Wesley C.","family":"Van Voorhis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8290-2347","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Samuel L. M.","family":"Arnold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005176-200105000-00011"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/591539"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(18)30283-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1999.61.707"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/65.1.149"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a009675"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a009086"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)31529-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(18)30475-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0216040"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0504.990425"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.55.6.1519-1522.1989"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14202\/vetworld.2018.681-686"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6719a3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268815003131"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2005.12.020"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)11401-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-9-195"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17460441.2020.1812577"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd.2018.168"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0005373"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0190-9622(95)90134-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkr444"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa421"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-8-39"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00243-15"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiw488"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.02565-14"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_2","unstructured":"Everitt D. 2012. Clofazimine in clinical trials for tuberculosis: resurrecting clofazimine. TB alliance Global Alliance for TB drug development."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jix247"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0065-308x(08)60116-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1645\/GE-3204"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiz269"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5935\/0305-7518.19790020"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.molpharmaceut.7b00521"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_37_2","volume-title":"Guide for the care and use of laboratory animals","author":"National Research Council","year":"2011","unstructured":"National Research Council. 2011. Guide for the care and use of laboratory animals, 8th ed. National Academies Press, Washington, DC.","edition":"8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_38_2","volume-title":"Guide for the care and use of agricultural animals in research and teaching","author":"Federation of Animal Science Societies","year":"2020","unstructured":"Federation of Animal Science Societies. 2020. Guide for the care and use of agricultural animals in research and teaching, 3rd ed. Federation of Animal Science Societies, Champaign, IL.","edition":"3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2012.02.014"}],"container-title":["Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/AAC.01560-21","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/AAC.01560-21","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,21]],"date-time":"2022-02-21T23:38:39Z","timestamp":1645486719000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/AAC.01560-21"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,18]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,18]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/AAC.01560-21"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/aac.01560-21","relation":{},"ISSN":["0066-4804","1098-6596"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0066-4804","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-6596","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-08-05","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-11-01","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-01-18","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e01560-21"}}