{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T22:53:47Z","timestamp":1787871227917,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,25]],"date-time":"2018-01-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1516838400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,1]],"date-time":"2018-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1517443200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority (BARDA), ASPR\/DHHS","award":["HHSO0100201000026C"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HHSO0100201000026C"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Agents Chemother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            The recommended management of inhalational anthrax, a high-priority bioterrorist threat, includes antibiotics and antitoxins. Obiltoxaximab, a chimeric monoclonal antibody against anthrax protective antigen (PA), is licensed under the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's (FDA's) Animal Rule for the treatment of inhalational anthrax. Because of spore latency, disease reemergence after treatment cessation is a concern, and there is a need to understand the development of endogenous protective immune responses following antitoxin-containing anthrax treatment regimens. Here, acquired protective immunity was examined in New Zealand White (NZW) rabbits challenged with a targeted lethal dose of\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Bacillus anthracis<\/jats:named-content>\n            spores and treated with antibiotics, obiltoxaximab, or a combination of both. Survivors of the primary challenge were rechallenged 9 months later and monitored for survival. Survival rates after primary and rechallenge for controls and animals treated with obiltoxaximab, levofloxacin, or a combination of both were 0, 65, 100, and 95%, and 0, 100, 95, and 89%, respectively. All surviving immune animals had circulating antibodies to PA and serum toxin-neutralizing titers prior to rechallenge. Following rechallenge, systemic bacteremia and toxemia were not detected in most animals, and the levels of circulating anti-PA IgG titers increased starting at 5 days postrechallenge. We conclude that treatment with obiltoxaximab, alone or combined with antibiotics, significantly improves the survival of rabbits that received a lethal inhalation\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">B. anthracis<\/jats:named-content>\n            spore challenge dose and does not interfere with the development of immunity. Survivors of primary challenge are protected against reexposure, have rare incidents of systemic bacteremia and toxemia, and have evidence of an anamnestic response.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.01590-17","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,13]],"date-time":"2017-11-13T16:35:24Z","timestamp":1510590924000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Development of Protective Immunity in New Zealand White Rabbits Challenged with Bacillus anthracis Spores and Treated with Antibiotics and Obiltoxaximab, a Monoclonal Antibody against Protective Antigen"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"62","author":[{"given":"Lisa N.","family":"Henning","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Battelle, West Jefferson, Ohio, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Carpenter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Elusys Therapeutics, Inc., Pine Brook, New Jersey, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregory V.","family":"Stark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Battelle, West Jefferson, Ohio, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natalya V.","family":"Serbina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Elusys Therapeutics, Inc., Pine Brook, New Jersey, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0733-8627(02)00005-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","volume-title":"2016 Public Health Emergency Medical Countermeasures Enterprise (PHEMCE) strategy and implementation plan","author":"Public Health Emergency Medical Countermeasures Enterprise (PHEMCE)","year":"2016","unstructured":"Public Health Emergency Medical Countermeasures Enterprise (PHEMCE). 2016. 2016 Public Health Emergency Medical Countermeasures Enterprise (PHEMCE) strategy and implementation plan. Public Health Emergency Medical Countermeasures Enterprise, Washington, DC. https:\/\/www.phe.gov\/Preparedness\/mcm\/phemce\/Documents\/2016-phemce-sip.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2002.130687"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0810.020353"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-5822.2006.00866.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins3111433"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00469-14"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3004073"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2015.05.091"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.73.2.795-802.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01102-16"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00972-16"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1060028017713029"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/167.5.1239"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jir543"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0810603"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cts.12433"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.rr6404a1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2012.00076"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01794"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/423937"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00099-13"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00352-07"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2017.05.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13578-015-0011-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00137-15"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins3081004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2015.01320"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.06340-11"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","first-page":"982","article-title":"The pathology of experimental anthrax in rabbits exposed by inhalation and subcutaneous inoculation","volume":"122","author":"Zaucha GM","year":"1998","unstructured":"Zaucha GM, Pitt LM, Estep J, Ivins BE, Friedlander AM. 1998. The pathology of experimental anthrax in rabbits exposed by inhalation and subcutaneous inoculation. Arch Pathol Lab Med 122:982\u2013992.","journal-title":"Arch Pathol Lab Med"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","volume-title":"Bioanalytical method validation","author":"FDA","year":"2001","unstructured":"FDA. 2001. Guidance for Industry. Bioanalytical method validation. U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD. https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/downloads\/Drugs\/Guidance\/ucm070107.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2008.11.022"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1541-0420.00051"}],"container-title":["Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/AAC.01590-17","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/AAC.01590-17","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,21]],"date-time":"2022-02-21T21:09:01Z","timestamp":1645477741000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/AAC.01590-17"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,2]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/AAC.01590-17"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/aac.01590-17","relation":{},"ISSN":["0066-4804","1098-6596"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0066-4804","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-6596","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2017-08-01","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2017-11-03","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-01-25","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e01590-17"}}