{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T17:01:41Z","timestamp":1784739701346,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,1]],"date-time":"2018-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1519862400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Agents Chemother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            While pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic targets for vancomycin therapy are recognized for invasive methicillin-resistant\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:named-content>\n            infections, scant data are available to guide therapy for other Gram-positive infections. A retrospective single-center cohort of patients with\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Enterococcus<\/jats:named-content>\n            bacteremia hospitalized between 1 January 2009 and 31 May 2015 were studied. The average vancomycin AUC\n            <jats:sub>0\u201324<\/jats:sub>\n            was computed using a Bayesian approach. The MIC was determined by gradient diffusion (Etest; bioM\u00e9rieux), and the average AUC\n            <jats:sub>0\u201324<\/jats:sub>\n            \/MIC value over the initial 72 h of therapy was calculated. We assessed 30-day all-cause mortality as the primary outcome. Classification and regression tree analysis (CART) was used to identify the vancomycin AUC\n            <jats:sub>0\u201324<\/jats:sub>\n            \/MIC value associated with 30-day mortality. Fifty-seven patients with enterococcal bacteremia (32\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">E. faecium<\/jats:named-content>\n            , 21\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">E. faecalis<\/jats:named-content>\n            , and 4 other\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Enterococcus<\/jats:named-content>\n            spp.) were studied. The median vancomycin MIC was 0.75 mg\/liter (range, 0.38 to 3 mg\/liter). All-cause 30-day mortality occurred in 10 of 57 patients (17.5%). A CART-derived vancomycin AUC\/MIC\n            <jats:sub>Etest<\/jats:sub>\n            value of \u2265389 was associated with reduced mortality (\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            = 0.017); failure to achieve this independently predicted 30-day mortality (odds ratio, 6.83 [95% confidence interval = 1.51 to 30.84];\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            = 0.01). We found that a vancomycin AUC\/MIC\n            <jats:sub>Etest<\/jats:sub>\n            value of \u2265389 achieved within 72 h was associated with reduced mortality. Larger, prospective studies are warranted to verify the vancomycin pharmacodynamic targets associated with maximal clinical outcomes and acceptable safety.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.01602-17","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,21]],"date-time":"2017-12-21T13:03:29Z","timestamp":1513861409000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"title":["Pharmacokinetic\/Pharmacodynamic Determinants of Vancomycin Efficacy in Enterococcal Bacteremia"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"62","author":[{"given":"Muhammed Taufiq Bin","family":"Jumah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shawn","family":"Vasoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Epidemiology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanjay R.","family":"Menon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Partha Pratim","family":"De","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Neely","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Applied Pharmacokinetics and Bioinformatics, Saban Research Institute, and Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine B.","family":"Teng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajhp\/57.suppl_2.S4"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1592\/phco.29.11.1275"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics5040034"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00113-08"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2014.02.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/491712"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cir124"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2014.05.016"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/B:JOPA.0000029490.76908.0c"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01485-12"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2015.09.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01653-13"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2008.03.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-198510000-00009"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SHK.0b013e318182f98f"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9681(87)90171-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000180580"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2010.09.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/IPC.0b013e31827ce847"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_21_2","volume-title":"Document M07-A7","author":"Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute","year":"2006","unstructured":"Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. 2006. Methods for dilution antimicrobial susceptibility tests for bacteria that grow aerobically: approved standard, 7th ed. Document M07-A7. CLSI, Wayne, PA.","edition":"7"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_22_2","first-page":"1106","article-title":"Pharmaco-informatics: more precise drug therapy from \u201cmultiple model\u201d (MM) adaptive control regimens: evaluation with simulated vancomycin therapy","volume":"8","author":"Jelliffe RW","year":"1995","unstructured":"Jelliffe RW, Bayard D, Schumitzky A, Milman M, Van Guilder M. 1995. Pharmaco-informatics: more precise drug therapy from \u201cmultiple model\u201d (MM) adaptive control regimens: evaluation with simulated vancomycin therapy. 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