{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T14:23:37Z","timestamp":1779200617547,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,1]],"date-time":"2013-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1356998400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Agents Chemother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Seventy-seven porcine\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Enterococcus<\/jats:named-content>\n            isolates with florfenicol MICs of \u226516 \u03bcg of were\/ml screened for the presence of the multiresistance gene\n            <jats:italic>cfr<\/jats:italic>\n            , its location on plasmids, and its genetic environment. Three isolates\u2014\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Enterococcus thailandicus<\/jats:named-content>\n            3-38 (from a porcine rectal swab collected at a pig farm),\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Enterococcus thailandicus<\/jats:named-content>\n            W3, and\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Enterococcus faecalis<\/jats:named-content>\n            W9-2 (the latter two from sewage at a different farm), carried the\n            <jats:italic>cfr<\/jats:italic>\n            gene. The SmaI pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns of the three isolates differed distinctly. In addition,\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">E. faecalis<\/jats:named-content>\n            W9-2 was assigned to a new multilocus sequence type ST469. Mating experiments and Southern blot analysis indicated that\n            <jats:italic>cfr<\/jats:italic>\n            is located on conjugative plasmids pW3 (\u223c75 kb) from\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">E. thailandicus<\/jats:named-content>\n            W3, p3-38 (\u223c72 kb) from\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">E. thailandicus<\/jats:named-content>\n            3-38, and pW9-2 (\u223c55 kb) from\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">E. faecalis<\/jats:named-content>\n            W9-2; these plasmids differed in their sizes, additional resistance genes, and the analysis of the segments encompassing the\n            <jats:italic>cfr<\/jats:italic>\n            gene. Sequence analysis revealed that all plasmids harbored a 4,447-bp central region, in which\n            <jats:italic>cfr<\/jats:italic>\n            was bracketed by two copies of the novel insertion sequence IS\n            <jats:italic>Enfa4<\/jats:italic>\n            located in the same orientation. The sequences flanking the central regions of these plasmids, including the partial\n            <jats:italic>tra<\/jats:italic>\n            gene regions and a \u03c9-\u03b5-\u03b6 toxin-antitoxin module, exhibited &gt;95% nucleotide sequence identity to the conjugative plasmid pAM\u03b21 from\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">E. faecalis<\/jats:named-content>\n            . Conjugative plasmids carrying\n            <jats:italic>cfr<\/jats:italic>\n            appear to play an important role in the dissemination and maintenance of the multiresistance gene\n            <jats:italic>cfr<\/jats:italic>\n            among enterococcal isolates and possibly other species of Gram-positive bacteria.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.01605-12","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,16]],"date-time":"2012-10-16T05:51:17Z","timestamp":1350366677000},"page":"42-48","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":85,"title":["Transferable Multiresistance Plasmids Carrying\n            <i>cfr<\/i>\n            in Enterococcus spp. from Swine and Farm Environment"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"Yang","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Development and Evaluation of Chemical and Herbal Drugs for Animal Use, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Development and Evaluation of Chemical and Herbal Drugs for Animal Use, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Schwarz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Farm Animal Genetics, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Neustadt-Mariensee, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yun","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shijiazhuang Livestock Products Quality Inspection and Supervision Center, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhangqi","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qijing","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Congming","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Development and Evaluation of Chemical and Herbal Drugs for Animal Use, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of 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