{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T05:42:05Z","timestamp":1782798125292,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,1]],"date-time":"2017-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1485907200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"HHS | National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U19 AI089672"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U19 AI089672"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U1202226"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U1202226"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31260508"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31260508"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Agents Chemother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Malaria parasites in different areas where malaria is endemic display different levels of resistance to antimalarial drugs as the result of varied drug use histories. To provide updated knowledge of drug sensitivities during the malaria elimination phase in Southeast Asia, an epicenter of multidrug resistance, we determined\n            <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n            susceptibilities of culture-adapted\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Plasmodium falciparum<\/jats:named-content>\n            isolates from two eastern border regions (Wa and Kachin) of Myanmar to 10 drugs. Despite their close proximity, the Kachin parasites displayed higher 50% inhibitory concentrations than the Wa parasites to chloroquine, piperaquine, naphthoquine, mefloquine, quinine, pyrimethamine, pyronaridine, lumefantrine, and dihydroartemisinin. Genotyping of genes associated with drug resistance also showed significant differences in the prevalence rates of mutant alleles between the two regions. Particularly, major\n            <jats:italic>pfdhfr<\/jats:italic>\n            mutations mediating pyrimethamine resistance and the\n            <jats:italic>pfdhps<\/jats:italic>\n            A437G mutation had significantly higher frequencies in the Kachin parasites (\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            &lt; 0.005). Moreover, when\n            <jats:italic>pfdhfr<\/jats:italic>\n            and\n            <jats:italic>pfdhps<\/jats:italic>\n            were considered together, the wild-type allele was found only in the Wa samples (22.6%). In addition, the\n            <jats:italic>pfmdr1<\/jats:italic>\n            Y184F mutation reached 38.7% in the Kachin parasites, compared to 9.7% in the Wa parasites, whereas N86Y was only detected in the Wa parasites, at 22.6%. Furthermore, the F446I mutation and all mutations in the propeller domain of the\n            <jats:italic>PfK13<\/jats:italic>\n            gene were significantly more frequent in the Kachin parasites. Collectively, this work demonstrates that even in spatially closely separated regions, parasites can exhibit drastic differences in drug sensitivities and genetic makeups underlying drug resistance, which may reflect regionally different drug histories and genetic drift of these isolated parasite populations.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.01689-16","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,6]],"date-time":"2016-12-06T03:00:36Z","timestamp":1480993236000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Significant Divergence in Sensitivity to Antimalarial Drugs between Neighboring Plasmodium falciparum Populations along the Eastern Border of Myanmar"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"61","author":[{"given":"Weilin","family":"Zeng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yao","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meilian","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Entomology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zenglei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Entomology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuang","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yonghua","family":"Ruan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shi","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhaoqing","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liwang","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Entomology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(12)70181-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc0805011"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0808859"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature00813"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1098876"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-11-355"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","first-page":"201","article-title":"Monitoring antimalarial drug efficacy in the Greater Mekong Subregion: an overview of in vivo results from 2008 to 2010","volume":"44","author":"Bustos MD","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bustos MD WongsrichanalaiC DelacolletteC BurkholderB. 2013. 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