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Blood samples were collected from febrile and non-febrile children aged 3 to 59 months in Masasi and Nanyumbu Districts between 2020 and 2021. The samples were subjected to molecular analysis for markers of artemisinin, partner drugs, sulfadoxine, and pyrimethamine resistance, including\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Plasmodium falciparum<\/jats:italic>\n                      kelch (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Pfk<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) 13 gene,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P. falciparum<\/jats:italic>\n                      chloroquine resistance transporter gene (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Pfcrt<\/jats:italic>\n                      ),\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P. falciparum<\/jats:italic>\n                      multidrug resistance gene (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Pfmdr<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) 1,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P. falciparum<\/jats:italic>\n                      dihydrofolate reductase (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Pfdhfr<\/jats:italic>\n                      ), and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P. falciparum<\/jats:italic>\n                      dihydropteroate synthase (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Pfdhps<\/jats:italic>\n                      ). A total of 531 blood samples were involved in the analysis. None of the\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P. falciparum<\/jats:italic>\n                      isolates analyzed for\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Pfk13<\/jats:italic>\n                      carried any of the validated markers of artemisinin resistance.\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Pfcrt<\/jats:italic>\n                      CVMNK wild-type haplotype occurred in 88.9% (271\/305) of the parasites, and the mutant CVIET haplotype occurred only in 0.7% (2\/305). Conversely, the majority of the parasites (24.2% [48\/198]) were carrying\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Pfmdr1<\/jats:italic>\n                      NFD haplotype, followed by the wild-type haplotype NYD (19.1% (39\/198), and the rest were mixed infections. Quintuple mutation\n                      <jats:bold>\n                        <jats:underline>IRN<\/jats:underline>\n                      <\/jats:bold>\n                      I-S\n                      <jats:bold>\n                        <jats:underline>GE<\/jats:underline>\n                      <\/jats:bold>\n                      AA occurred in 54.4% (62\/114), and sextuple mutation\n                      <jats:bold>\n                        <jats:underline>IRN<\/jats:underline>\n                      <\/jats:bold>\n                      I-\n                      <jats:bold>\n                        <jats:underline>F<\/jats:underline>\n                      <\/jats:bold>\n                      AK\n                      <jats:bold>\n                        <jats:underline>GS<\/jats:underline>\n                      <\/jats:bold>\n                      occurred only in 0.9% (1\/114) of the parasites. No parasite carried any of the validated markers of artemisinin resistance; however, the prevalence of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Pfcrt<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Pfmdr1<\/jats:italic>\n                      resistance markers against the partner drugs reached the saturation point. Sextuple\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Pfdhfr-Pfdhps<\/jats:italic>\n                      mutations occurred only in one patient; therefore, SP remains efficacious for IPTp in the Districts.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.01751-24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,12]],"date-time":"2025-09-12T14:52:14Z","timestamp":1757688734000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Prevalence of resistance markers of artemisinin, partner drugs, and sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine in Nanyumbu and Masasi Districts, Tanzania between 2020 and 2021"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"69","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1341-4304","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Richard O.","family":"Mwaiswelo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01vy3hr18","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, Kairuki University","place":["Dar es Salaam, Tanzania"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruno P.","family":"Mmbando","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05fjs7w98","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Tanga Research Centre, National Instititute for Medical Research","place":["Tanga, Tanzania"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank","family":"Chacky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00mrhvv69","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"National Malaria Control Programme, Ministry of Health","place":["Dodoma, Tanzania"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabrizio","family":"Molteni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00mrhvv69","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"National Malaria Control Programme, Ministry of Health","place":["Dodoma, Tanzania"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ally","family":"Mohamed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00mrhvv69","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"National Malaria Control Programme, Ministry of Health","place":["Dodoma, Tanzania"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samwel","family":"Lazaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00mrhvv69","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"National Malaria Control Programme, Ministry of Health","place":["Dodoma, Tanzania"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bushukatale","family":"Samuel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/027pr6c67","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Medical Parasitology and Entomology, School of Public Health and Social Sciences, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences","place":["Dar es Salaam, Tanzania"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristina V.","family":"Ariani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05cy4wa09","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Genomic Surveillance Unit, Wellcome Sanger Institute","place":["Cambridge, United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sonia","family":"Gon\u00e7alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05cy4wa09","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Genomic Surveillance Unit, Wellcome Sanger Institute","place":["Cambridge, United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eleanor","family":"Drury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05cy4wa09","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Genomic Surveillance Unit, Wellcome Sanger Institute","place":["Cambridge, United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Billy","family":"Ngasala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/027pr6c67","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Medical Parasitology and Entomology, School of Public Health and Social Sciences, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences","place":["Dar es Salaam, Tanzania"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_2","unstructured":"NMCP. 2006. 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