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This study aims to determine the prevalence of molecular markers of resistance to SP + AQ and DHA + PQ in Koulikoro (Mali), where SMC has been implemented since 2014.\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Plasmodium falciparum<\/jats:italic>\n                      -positive samples were analyzed by either next-generation sequencing, focusing on SNPs in genes known to be associated with resistance:\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Pfmdr1, PfK13, Pfcrt, Pfdhfr, Pfdhps,<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Pfexo<\/jats:italic>\n                      genes, and using qPCR for copy number variations (CNVs) of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Pfmdr1<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Pfplasmepsin2<\/jats:italic>\n                      . A total of 564 PCR-positive\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P. falciparum<\/jats:italic>\n                      samples were analyzed: 218 in 2019 and 346 in 2020. In both years, the\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Pfdhfr<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:bold>51I-59R-108N<\/jats:bold>\n                      haplotype was highly prevalent (&gt;93%). In both arms, the\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Pfdhps<\/jats:italic>\n                      single mutant (\n                      <jats:bold>437G<\/jats:bold>\n                      ) was the most prevalent (~60%). In 2020, the combined haplotype\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Pfdhfr\/Pfdhps<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:bold>IRN\/<\/jats:bold>\n                      IA\n                      <jats:bold>G<\/jats:bold>\n                      KA\n                      <jats:bold>S<\/jats:bold>\n                      and\n                      <jats:bold>IRN\/V<\/jats:bold>\n                      A\n                      <jats:bold>G<\/jats:bold>\n                      K\n                      <jats:bold>GS<\/jats:bold>\n                      was detected at 9.6% and 1.2%, respectively. The\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Pfmdr1<\/jats:italic>\n                      haplotype (N86-\n                      <jats:bold>F184<\/jats:bold>\n                      -S1034-N1042-D1246) represented more than 52.0%, and no difference was observed between the years, while a significant increase in the\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Pfcrt<\/jats:italic>\n                      wild-type haplotype (C72-V73-M74-N75-K76) from 39% in 2019 to 52% in 2020 (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.01) was observed. Some\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">PfK13<\/jats:italic>\n                      non-synonymous mutations were observed in both years, including Y\n                      <jats:bold>493H<\/jats:bold>\n                      and C\n                      <jats:bold>580R<\/jats:bold>\n                      . The identification of the\n                      <jats:bold>IRN<\/jats:bold>\n                      I\n                      <jats:bold>\/<\/jats:bold>\n                      IA\n                      <jats:bold>G<\/jats:bold>\n                      KA\n                      <jats:bold>S<\/jats:bold>\n                      quintuple mutant, along with emerging\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Pfdhps<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:bold>-431V<\/jats:bold>\n                      and non-synonymous PfK13-\n                      <jats:bold>Y493H<\/jats:bold>\n                      variants, underscores the importance of continued surveillance of resistance markers.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.01806-24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,18]],"date-time":"2025-08-18T12:00:38Z","timestamp":1755518438000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Frequencies of molecular markers of drug resistance in the context of two different Seasonal Malaria Chemoprevention (SMC) treatment regimens in the Koulikoro health district, Mali"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"69","author":[{"given":"Bourama","family":"Traore","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University Clinical Research Center, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako","place":["Bamako, Mali"]},{"name":"Infectious Diseases and Medical Entomology Research and Training Center, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako","place":["Bamako, 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