{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T13:30:11Z","timestamp":1791639011879,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,1]],"date-time":"2015-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1448928000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Agents Chemother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            The use of polymeric devices for controlled sustained delivery of drugs is a promising approach for the prevention of HIV-1 infection. Unfortunately, certain microbicides, when topically applied vaginally, may be cytotoxic to vaginal epithelial cells and the protective microflora present within the female genital tract. In this study, we evaluated the impact of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ)-loaded, reservoir-type, polyurethane intravaginal rings (IVRs) on the growth of\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Lactobacillus crispatus<\/jats:named-content>\n            and\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Lactobacillus jensenii<\/jats:named-content>\n            and on the viability of vaginal and ectocervical epithelial cells. The IVRs were fabricated using hot-melt injection molding and were capable of providing controlled release of HCQ for 24 days, with mean daily release rates of 17.01 \u00b1 3.6 \u03bcg\/ml in sodium acetate buffer (pH 4) and 29.45 \u00b1 4.84 \u03bcg\/ml in MRS broth (pH 6.2). Drug-free IVRs and the released HCQ had no significant effects on bacterial growth or the viability of vaginal or ectocervical epithelial cells. Furthermore, there was no significant impact on the integrity of vaginal epithelial cell monolayers, in comparison with controls, as measured by transepithelial electrical resistance. Overall, this is the first study to evaluate the effects of HCQ-loaded IVRs on the growth of vaginal flora and the integrity of vaginal epithelial cell monolayers.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.01819-15","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,29]],"date-time":"2015-09-29T02:38:25Z","timestamp":1443494305000},"page":"7680-7686","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Impact of Hydroxychloroquine-Loaded Polyurethane Intravaginal Rings on Lactobacilli"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"Yannick Leandre","family":"Traore","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Drug Delivery and Biomaterials, College of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yufei","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Drug Delivery and Biomaterials, College of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne-Marie","family":"Bernier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universit\u00e9 de Saint-Boniface, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emmanuel A.","family":"Ho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Drug Delivery and Biomaterials, College of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.med.51.1.349"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","first-page":"443","article-title":"Treatment of bacterial vaginosis: a comparison of oral metronidazole, metronidazole vaginal gel, and clindamycin vaginal cream","volume":"41","author":"Ferris DG","year":"1995","unstructured":"Ferris DG, Litaker MS, Woodward L, Mathis D, Hendrich J. 1995. 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