{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,14]],"date-time":"2024-07-14T08:09:49Z","timestamp":1720944589956},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,1]],"date-time":"2011-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1312156800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Agents Chemother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:italic>In vivo<\/jats:italic>\n            effectiveness of topical antibiotics may depend on their ability to associate with epithelial cells to provide continued protection, but this contribution is not measured by standard antibiotic susceptibility tests. We report a new\n            <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n            method that measures the ability of test antibiotics azithromycin (AZM), erythromycin (ERY), tetracycline (TET), and bacitracin (BAC) to associate with mammalian cells and to protect these cells from destruction by bacteria. Mammalian cell lines were grown to confluence using antibiotic-free medium and then incubated in medium containing a single antibiotic (0 to 512 \u03bcg\/ml). After incubation, the cells were challenged with\n            <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n            ocular isolates, without antibiotics added to the culture medium. Epithelial cell layer integrity was assessed by gentian violet staining, and the minimum cell layer protective concentration (MCPC) of an antibiotic sufficient to protect the mammalian cells from\n            <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n            was determined. Staining was also quantified and analyzed. Bacterial viability was determined by culture turbidity and growth on agar plates. Preincubation of Chang and human corneal limbal epithelial cells with AZM, ERY, and TET at \u226564 \u03bcg\/ml provided protection against AZM-susceptible\n            <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n            strains, with increasing protection at higher concentrations. TET toxicity was demonstrated at &gt;64 \u03bcg\/ml, whereas AZM displayed toxicity to one cell line at 512 \u03bcg\/ml. BAC failed to show consistent protection at any dose, despite bacterial susceptibility to BAC as determined by traditional antibiotic susceptibility testing. A range of antibiotic effectiveness was displayed in this cell association assay, providing data that may be considered in addition to traditional testing when determining therapeutic dosing regimens.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.01828-10","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,1]],"date-time":"2011-06-01T03:44:58Z","timestamp":1306899898000},"page":"3788-3794","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["A Novel Cell-Associated Protection Assay Demonstrates the Ability of Certain Antibiotics To Protect Ocular Surface Cell Lines from Subsequent Clinical\n            <i>Staphylococcus aureus<\/i>\n            Challenge"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"J. B.","family":"Wingard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"UPMC Eye Center, Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Research Center, Eye and Ear Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E. G.","family":"Romanowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UPMC Eye Center, Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Research Center, Eye and Ear Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania"},{"name":"The Charles T. Campbell Laboratory, UPMC Eye Center, Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Research Center, Eye and Ear Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R. P.","family":"Kowalski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UPMC Eye Center, Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Research Center, Eye and Ear Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania"},{"name":"The Charles T. Campbell Laboratory, UPMC Eye Center, Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Research Center, Eye and Ear Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"F. S.","family":"Mah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UPMC Eye Center, Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Research Center, Eye and Ear Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania"},{"name":"The Charles T. Campbell Laboratory, UPMC Eye Center, Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Research Center, Eye and Ear Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Y.","family":"Ling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UPMC Eye Center, Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Research Center, Eye and Ear Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania"},{"name":"Graduate School of Public Health, Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R. A.","family":"Bilonick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UPMC Eye Center, Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Research Center, Eye and Ear Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania"},{"name":"Graduate School of Public Health, Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R. M. Q.","family":"Shanks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UPMC Eye Center, Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Research Center, Eye and Ear Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania"},{"name":"The Charles T. Campbell Laboratory, UPMC Eye Center, Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Research Center, Eye and Ear Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(03)00896-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/35.3.363"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","first-page":"39","article-title":"Fluxes and accumulation of tetracyclines by human blood cells","volume":"72","author":"Gabler W. L.","year":"1991","unstructured":"GablerW. L. 1991. Fluxes and accumulation of tetracyclines by human blood cells. Res. Commun. Chem. Pathol. Pharmacol. 72:39\u201351.","journal-title":"Res. Commun. Chem. Pathol. Pharmacol"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.02-0851"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2003.10.014"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(99)00716-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0b013e318156caf2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","first-page":"933","article-title":"Uptake of antibiotics by human alveolar macrophages","volume":"129","author":"Hand W. L.","year":"1984","unstructured":"HandW. L. CorwinR. W. SteinbergT. H. GrossmanG. D.. 1984. Uptake of antibiotics by human alveolar macrophages. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 129:933\u2013937.","journal-title":"Am. Rev. Respir. Dis"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0924-8579(01)00430-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11095-008-9741-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0765.2004.00704.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2005.06.025"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1179\/joc.2005.17.4.385"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","volume-title":"R: a language and environment for statistical computing","author":"R Development Core Team","year":"2010","unstructured":"R Development Core Team. 2010. R: a language and environment for statistical computing. R Development Core Team, Vienna, Austria."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495-200161020-00003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.73.8.4596-4606.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1977.04450050090009"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2010.05.039"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2006.04.063"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000131066"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00210-009-0481-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1179\/joc.2008.20.4.428"}],"container-title":["Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/AAC.01828-10","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/AAC.01828-10","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,21]],"date-time":"2022-02-21T23:19:40Z","timestamp":1645485580000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/AAC.01828-10"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,8]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/AAC.01828-10"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/aac.01828-10","relation":{},"ISSN":["0066-4804","1098-6596"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0066-4804","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-6596","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2010-12-29","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2011-05-20","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2011-07-14","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}