{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T00:57:23Z","timestamp":1790902643323,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,1]],"date-time":"2018-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1519862400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Nigerian TET Fund"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000265","name":"RCUK | Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MR\/K000535\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MR\/K000535\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000265","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000265","name":"RCUK | Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MR\/L008823\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MR\/L008823\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000265","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001308","name":"Jean Shanks Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001308","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Agents Chemother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    G-quadruplexes are DNA or RNA secondary structures that can be formed from guanine-rich nucleic acids. These four-stranded structures, composed of stacked quartets of guanine bases, can be highly stable and have been demonstrated to occur\n                    <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    in the DNA of human cells and other systems, where they play important biological roles, influencing processes such as telomere maintenance, DNA replication and transcription, or, in the case of RNA G-quadruplexes, RNA translation and processing. We report for the first time that DNA G-quadruplexes can be detected in the nuclei of the malaria parasite\n                    <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Plasmodium falciparum<\/jats:named-content>\n                    , which has one of the most A\/T-biased genomes sequenced and therefore possesses few guanine-rich sequences with the potential to form G-quadruplexes. We show that despite this paucity of putative G-quadruplex-forming sequences,\n                    <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">P. falciparum<\/jats:named-content>\n                    parasites are sensitive to several G-quadruplex-stabilizing drugs, including quarfloxin, which previously reached phase 2 clinical trials as an anticancer drug. Quarfloxin has a rapid initial rate of kill and is active against ring stages as well as replicative stages of intraerythrocytic development. We show that several G-quadruplex-stabilizing drugs, including quarfloxin, can suppress the transcription of a G-quadruplex-containing reporter gene in\n                    <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">P. falciparum<\/jats:named-content>\n                    but that quarfloxin does not appear to disrupt the transcription of rRNAs, which was proposed as its mode of action in both human cells and trypanosomes. These data suggest that quarfloxin has potential for repositioning as an antimalarial with a novel mode of action. Furthermore, G-quadruplex biology in\n                    <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">P. falciparum<\/jats:named-content>\n                    may present a target for development of other new antimalarial drugs.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.01828-17","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,8]],"date-time":"2018-01-08T07:05:15Z","timestamp":1515395115000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":72,"title":["G-Quadruplex DNA Motifs in the Malaria Parasite Plasmodium falciparum and Their Potential as Novel Antimalarial Drug Targets"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"62","author":[{"given":"Lynne M.","family":"Harris","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Applied Entomology and Parasitology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katelyn R.","family":"Monsell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Applied Entomology and Parasitology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Florian","family":"Noulin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Applied Entomology and Parasitology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. Toyin","family":"Famodimu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Applied Entomology and Parasitology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicolas","family":"Smargiasso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Systems Research Unit, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Damblon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Systems Research Unit, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Horrocks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Applied Entomology and Parasitology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, United Kingdom"},{"name":"Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7583-2176","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Catherine J.","family":"Merrick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Applied Entomology and Parasitology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","volume-title":"World malaria report 2016","author":"WHO","year":"2016","unstructured":"WHO. 2016. 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