{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T07:11:38Z","timestamp":1790665898289,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,1]],"date-time":"2014-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1388534400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Agents Chemother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Melioidosis is a potentially fatal disease caused by the saprophytic bacterium\n                    <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Burkholderia pseudomallei<\/jats:named-content>\n                    . Resistance to gentamicin is generally a hallmark of\n                    <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">B. pseudomallei<\/jats:named-content>\n                    , and gentamicin is a selective agent in media used for diagnosis of melioidosis. In this study, we determined the prevalence and mechanism of gentamicin susceptibility found in\n                    <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">B. pseudomallei<\/jats:named-content>\n                    isolates from Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo. We performed multilocus sequence typing and antibiotic susceptibility testing on 44\n                    <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">B. pseudomallei<\/jats:named-content>\n                    clinical isolates from melioidosis patients in Sarawak district hospitals. Whole-genome sequencing was used to identify the mechanism of gentamicin susceptibility. A novel allelic-specific PCR was designed to differentiate gentamicin-sensitive isolates from wild-type\n                    <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">B. pseudomallei<\/jats:named-content>\n                    . A reversion assay was performed to confirm the involvement of this mechanism in gentamicin susceptibility. A substantial proportion (86%) of\n                    <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">B. pseudomallei<\/jats:named-content>\n                    clinical isolates in Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo, were found to be susceptible to the aminoglycoside gentamicin, a rare occurrence in other regions where\n                    <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">B. pseudomallei<\/jats:named-content>\n                    is endemic. Gentamicin sensitivity was restricted to genetically related strains belonging to sequence type 881 or its single-locus variant, sequence type 997. Whole-genome sequencing identified a novel nonsynonymous mutation within\n                    <jats:italic>amrB<\/jats:italic>\n                    , encoding an essential component of the AmrAB-OprA multidrug efflux pump. We confirmed the role of this mutation in conferring aminoglycoside and macrolide sensitivity by reversion of this mutation to the wild-type sequence. Our study demonstrates that alternative\n                    <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">B. pseudomallei<\/jats:named-content>\n                    selective media without gentamicin are needed for accurate melioidosis laboratory diagnosis in Sarawak. This finding may also have implications for environmental sampling of other locations to test for\n                    <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">B. pseudomallei<\/jats:named-content>\n                    endemicity.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.01842-13","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,21]],"date-time":"2013-10-21T22:41:14Z","timestamp":1382395274000},"page":"162-166","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":84,"title":["Burkholderia pseudomallei Isolates from Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo, Are Predominantly Susceptible to Aminoglycosides and Macrolides"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"Yuwana","family":"Podin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia"},{"name":"Institute of Health and Community Medicine, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Sarawak, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Derek S.","family":"Sarovich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erin P.","family":"Price","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mirjam","family":"Kaestli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Mayo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"KingChing","family":"Hii","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases and Paediatric Department, Kapit Hospital, Sarawak, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"HieUng","family":"Ngian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases and Paediatric Department, Sibu Hospital, Sarawak, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"SeeChang","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases and Paediatric Department, Sibu Hospital, Sarawak, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"IngTien","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases and Paediatric Department, Sibu Hospital, Sarawak, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"JinShyan","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases and Paediatric Department, Bintulu Hospital, Sarawak, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anand","family":"Mohan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases and Paediatric Department, Bintulu Hospital, Sarawak, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"MongHow","family":"Ooi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Health and Community Medicine, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Sarawak, Malaysia"},{"name":"Paediatric Department, Sarawak General Hospital, Sarawak, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"TemLom","family":"Fam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Department, Miri Hospital, Sarawak, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jack","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Department, Miri Hospital, Sarawak, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Apichai","family":"Tuanyok","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Microbial Genetics and Genomics, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Keim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Microbial Genetics and Genomics, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip 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